IRLF 


PARKS 


ENVIRONMENTAL 
DESIGN 
LIBRARY 


GIFT  OF 

John   Staley 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE   INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,   SKCRETARY 


NATIONAL    PARK    SERVICE 

STEPHEN  T.   MATHER,   DIRECTOR 


THE 

NATIONAL  PARKS 
PORTFOLIO 


BY 

ROBERT  STERLING   YARD 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING   OFFICE 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

1917 


Reed  UC.B  cNVI 

FEB  g2  1988 


E^iriP.o:?^E;;r;.L  : 


SECOND  EDITION 


FOR  SALE  BY  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 
PORTFOLIO  IN  11  SECTIONS,  LOOSE  IN  FLEXIBLE  COVER  35  CENTS 
BOOK  BOUND  IN  CLOTH 55  CENTS 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN   K.  LANK,  SECRETARY 

NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 
STEPHEN  T.  MATHER,  DIRECTOR 

INTRODUCTION 

O  BUIIyD  a  railroad,  reclaim  lands,  give  new  impulse  to  enterprise, 
and  offer  new  doors  to  ambitious  capital — these  are  phases  of 
the  ever-widening  life  and  activity  of  this  Nation.  The  United 
States,  however,  does  more;  it  furnishes  playgrounds  to  the  peo 
ple  which  are,  we  may  modestly  state,  without  any  rivals  in  the  world.  Just 
as  the  cities  are  seeing  the  wisdom  and  necessity  of  open  spaces  for  the  chil 
dren,  so  with  a  very  large  view  the  Nation  has  been  saving  from  its  domain 
the  rarest  places  of  grandeur  and  beauty  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  world. 

And  this  fact  has  been  discovered  only  recently  by  many.  Europe  being 
closed,  thousands  for  the  first  time  have  crossed  the  continent  and  seen  one  or 
more  of  the  national  parks.  That  such  mountains  and  glaciers,  lakes  and  can 
yons,  forests  and  waterfalls  were  to  be  found  in  this  country  was  a  revelation  to 
many  who  had  heard  but  had  not  believed.  It  would  appear  from  the  ex 
perience  of  the  past  year  that  the  real  awakening  as  to  the  value  of  these  parks 
has  at  last  been  realized,  and  that  those  who  have  hitherto  found  themselves 
enticed  by  the  beauty  of  the  Alps  and  the  Rhine  and  the  soft  loveliness  of  the 
valleys  of  France  may  find  equal  if  not  more  stimulating  satisfaction  in  the 
mountains,  rivers,  and  valleys  which  this  Government  has  set  apart  for  them 
and  for  all  others. 

There  is  no  reason  why  this  Nation  should  not  make  its  public  health  and 
scenic  domain  as  available  to  all  its  citizens  as  Switzerland  and  Italy  make 
theirs.  The  aim  is  to  open  them  thoroughly  by  road  and  trail  and  give  access 
and  accommodation  to  every  degree  of  income.  In  this  belief  an  effort  is 
making  now  as  never  before  to  outfit  the  parks  with  new  hotels  and  public 
camps  which  should  make  the  visitor  desire  to  linger  rather  than  hasten  on 
his  journey.  One  large  new  hotel  has  been  built  in  the  Valley  of  the  Yosemite 
with  an  annex  high  overhead  on  Glacier  Point,  while  more  modest  lodges  have 
been  dotted  about  in  the  obscurer  spots  to  make  accessible  the  rarer  beauties 
of  the  inner  Yosemite.  For,  with  the  new  Tioga  Road,  which,  through  the 
generosity  of  Mr.  Stephen  T.  Mather  and  a  few  others,  the  Government  has 
acquired,  there  is  to  be  revealed  a  new  Yosemite  which  only  John  Muir  and 
others  of  similar  bent  have  seen.  This  is  a  Yosemite  far  different  from  the 
quiet,  incomparable  valley.  It  is  a  land  of  forests,  snow,  and  glaciers.  From 

54590°-17  (3) 


Mount  Lyell  one  looks,  as  from  an  island,  upon  a  tumbled  sea  of  snowy  peaks. 
Its  lakes,  many  of  which  have  never  been  fished,  are  alive  with  trout.  And 
through  it  foams  the  Tuolumne  River,  a  water  spectacle  destined  to  world 
celebrity. 

A  new  hotel,  accompanied  by  adequate  camping  facilities,  has  been  built 
on  a  shoulder  of  Mount  Rainier,  in  Paradise  Valley;  and  roads  are  projected  to 
open  up  the  northern  side  of  this  wonderful  ice  mountain.  New  roads  and 
trails  are  building  in  the  Glacier  National  Park,  and  new  hotels  are  projected  to 
make  accessible  portions  of  this  scenic  wilderness  of  incomparable  magnificence. 

While  as  the  years  have  passed  we  have  been  modestly  developing  the 
superb  scenic  possibilities  of  the  Yellowstone,  nature  has  made  of  it  the  largest 
and  most  populous  game  preserve  in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  Its  great  size, 
its  altitude,  its  vast  wildernesses,  its  plentiful  waters,  its  favorable  conforma 
tion  of  rugged  mountain  and  sheltered  valley,  and  the  nearly  perfect  protec 
tion  afforded  by  the  policy  and  the  scientific  care  of  the  Government  have 
made  this  park,  since  its  inauguration  in  1872,  the  natural  and  inevitable  cen 
ter  of  game  conservation  for  this  Nation.  There  is  something  of  significance 
in  this.  It  is  the  destiny  of  the  national  parks,  if  wisely  controlled,  to 
become  the  public  laboratories  of  nature  study  for  the  Nation.  And  from 
them  specimens  may  be  distributed  to  the  city  and  State  preserves,  as  is 
no\v  being  done  with  the  elk  of  the  Yellowstone,  which  are  too  abundant,  and 
may  be  done  later  with  the  antelope. 

If  Congress  will  but  make  the  funds  available  for  the  construction  of  roads 
over  which  automobiles  may  travel  with  safety  (for  all  the  parks  are  now  open 
to  motors)  and  for  trails  to  hunt  out  the  hidden  places  of  beauty  and  dignity, 
we  may  expect  that  year  by  year  these  parks  will  become  a  more  precious 
possession  of  the  people,  holding  them  to  the  further  discovery  of  America 
and  making  them  still  prouder  of  its  resources,  esthetic  as  well  as  material. 

FRANKIJN  K.  LANK, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


(4) 


PRESENTATION 

HIS  Nation  is  richer  in  natural  scenery  of  the  first  order  than  any 
other  nation;  but  it  does  not  know  it.  It  possesses  an  empire 
of  grandeur  and  beauty  which  it  scarcely  has  heard  of.  It  owns 
the  most  inspiring  playgrounds  and  the  best  equipped  nature 
schools  in  the  world  and  is  serenely  ignorant  of  the  fact.  In  its  national 
parks  it  has  neglected,  because  it  has  quite  overlooked,  an  economic  asset  of 
incalculable  value. 

The  Nation  must  awake,  and  it  now  becomes  our  happy  duty  to  waken  it 
to  so  pleasing  and  profitable  a  reality.  This  portfolio  is  the  morning  call  to 
the  day  of  realization. 

Individual  features  of  several  of  our  national  parks  are  known  the  world 
over;  but  few  to  whom  the  Yosemite  Valley  is  a  household  word  know  that 
its  seven  wonderful  miles  are  a  part  of  a  scenic  wonderland  of  eleven  hundred 
square  miles  called  the  Yosemite  National  Park.  So  with  the  Yellowstone; 
all  have  heard  of  its  geysers,  but  few  indeed  of  its  thirty-three  hundred  square 
miles  of  wilderness  beauty.  Some  of  the  finest  of  our  national  parks  here 
pictured  you  probably  have  never  even  heard  of.  The  Sequoia  National 
Park,  a  hundred  miles  south  of  the  Yosemite,  one  of  the  noblest  scenic  areas 
in  the  world,  is  the  home  of  more  than  a  million  sequoias,  the  celebrated  Big 
Trees  of  California;  but  even  its  name  is  known  to  few.  The  Crater  Lake 
National  Park  encloses  the  deepest  and  bluest  lake  in  the  world  surrounded 
by  walls  of  pearly  fretted  lavas  of  indescribable  beauty — a  very  wonder  spot; 
but  it  is  probably  least  known  of  all. 

The  main  object  of  this  portfolio,  therefore,  is  to  present  to  the  people  of 
this  country  a  panorama  of  our  national  parks  and  national  monuments  set 
side  by  side  for  their  study  and  comparison.  Each  park  will  be  found  highly 
individual.  The  whole  will  be  a  revelation. 

This  is  the  first  really  representative  presentation  of  American  scenery 
of  grandeur  ever  published,  perhaps  ever  made.  The  selection  is  from  photo 
graphs  collected  during  a  period  of  many  months  from  all  available  sotirces, 
and  represents  the  most  striking  work  of  many  photographers. 

The  portfolio  is  dedicated  to  the  American  people.  It  is  my  great  hope 
that,  it  will  serve  to  turn  the  busy  eyes  of  this  Nation  upon  its  national  parks 
long  enough  to  bring  some  realization  of  what  these  pleasure  gardens  ought  to 
mean,  of  what  so  easily  they  may  he  made  to  mean,  to  this  people. 

STEPHEN  T.  MATHKR, 

Director,  National  1'ark  Service. 


(5) 


NOTE  TO  SECOND  EDITION 

HE  first  edition  of  the  National  Parks  Portfolio,  which  numbered 
275,000  copies,  was  issued  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in 
June,  1916.  The  second  edition,  brought  up  to  date  by  the  substi 
tution  of  later  photographs  and  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  the 
Hot  Springs  Section,  is  one  of  the  first  publications  of  the  new  National  Park 
Service,  which  Congress  created  August  25,  1916. 

Acknowledgments  are  due  to  the  many  photographers,  professional  and 
amateur,  who  contributed  some  of  the  best  examples  of  their  work  to  this 
Portfolio;  to  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  for  assistance  and  hearty 
cooperation ;  to  many  helpful  individuals ;  and  to  seventeen  Western  railroads, 
whose  contribution  of  forty- three  thousand  dollars  made  possible  its  first 
publication. 

ROBERT  STERLING  YARD. 


(6) 


PUBLIC    RESERVATIONS 

UNDER  CONTROL  OF  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

NATIONAL  PARKS 

NAME  SEE    SECTION 

CASA  GRANDE  RUIN Page  20   .      .  Hot  Springs. 

CRATER  LAKE Crater  Lake. 

GENERAL  GRANT Pages  3-5      .  Sequoia. 

GLACIER Glacier. 

HAWAII Pages  7-11     .  Hot  Springs. 

HOT  SPRINGS  OF  ARKANSAS Pages  2-6      .  Hot  Springs. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC Pages  16-17  •  Hot  Springs. 

MESA  VERDE  . Mesa  Verde. 

MOUNT  McKiNLEY Pages  12-15  Hot  Springs. 

MOUNT  RAINIER Mount  Rainier. 

PLATT Page  20    .      .  Hot  Springs. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN Rocky  Mountain. 

SEQUOIA Sequoia. 

SULLYS  HILL Page  14    .      .  Hot  Springs. 

WIND  CAVE Page  20    .      .  Hot  Springs. 

YELLOWSTONE Yellowstone. 

YosEMiTE Yosemite. 

NATIONAL  MONUMENTS 
Indicating  Page  in  Hot  Springs  Section  Where  Each  May  be  Found 

CAPULIN  MOUNTAIN 32  NAVAJO 34 

CHACO  CANYON 29  NATURAL  BRIDGES 28 

COLORADO    29  PAP AGO  SAGUARO      32 

DEVILS  TOWER 26  PINNACLES 32 

DINOSAUR 30  PETRIFIED  FOREST  OF  ARIZONA   .  33 

EL  MORRO 32  RAINBOW  BRIDGE      .....  31 

GRAN  OUIVIRA 34  SHOSHONE  CAVERN    .....  29 

LEWIS  AND  CLARK  CAVERN    .     .  30  SIEUR  DE  MONTS 24 

MONTEZUMA  CASTLE      .     .     .     .  26  SITKA 33 

Mum  WOODS 22  TUMACACORI     .  ...  34 

MUKUNTUWEAP  .     .     1 8,  21 


CONTENTS 


YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK 

The  Land  of  Wonders — Threefold  Personality — Geysers  Spout  and  Steaming 
Vapors  Rise— Many  Colored  Canyon — Greatest  Animal  Refuge — Animals 
Really  at  Home — The  Paradise  of  Anglers — Living  in  the  Yellowstone. 

YOSEMITE  NATIONAL  PARK 

Land  of  Enchantment — The  Valley  Incomparable— Charm  of  the  Scenic  Wild — 
Living  in  the  Wilderness— Tioga  Road — North  of  the  Valley's  Rim — -Mad  Waters 
of  Tuolumne — The  Everlasting  Snows. 

SEQUOIA  NATIONAL  PARK 

Land  of  Giant  Trees— The  Biggest  Thing  Alive— The  Oldest  Thing  Alive- 
Other  People's  Sequoias — Kings  and  Kern  Canyons — Our  Loftiest  Mountain. 

MOUNT  RAINIER  NATIONAL  PARK 

The  Frozen  Octopus — The  Giant  Rivers  of  Ice— In  an  Arctic  Wonderland — 
Glacier  and  Wild  Flower — Easiest  Glaciers  t>  See. 

CRATER  LAKE  NATIONAL  PARK 

The  Lake  of  Mystery — "The  Sea  of  Silence" — Story  of  Mount  Mazama — 
The  Legend  of  Llao — Viewed  from  the  Rim — The  Mine  of  Beauty — Fishing. 

MESA  VERDE  NATIONAL  PARK 

Cities  of  the  Past— The  Story  of  the  Mesas — In  the  Cliff  Dwellings — Dis 
covery  of  Sun  Temple — The  Mesa's  Little  People — The  Principal  Dwellings. 

GLACIER  NATIONAL  PARK 

Ail  Alpine  Paradise — Making  a  National  Park— Its  Lakes  and  Valleys — Com 
fort  Among  Glaciers — Purchased  from  Indians — Creatures  of  the  Wild. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  NATIONAL  PARK 

"Top  of  the  World" — Precipice-Walled  Gorges— The  King  and  His  Kingdom— 
Metropolis  of  Beaverland— Records  of  the  Glaciers — Easy  tj  Reach  and  Sec. 

HOT  vSi'RiNGS  RESERVATION  AND  CERTAIN  OTHER  NATIONAL  PARKS 
AND  NATIONAL  MONUMENTS 

National  Parks:  Hot  Springs — Hawaii — Mount  McKinley — Lassen  Volcanic — 
Wind  Cave — Platt — Casa  Grande — SullysHill.  National  Monuments:  Mukimtu- 
weap — Natural  Bridges — Muir  Woods — Sieur  de  Monts — Monte/uina  Castle  — 
Devils  Tower — Chaco  Canyon — Shoshone  Cavern — Colorado — Rainbow  Bridge — 
Lewis  and  Clark  Cavern — Dinosaur — Petrified  Forest — Sitka- — Tumacacori— Gran 
Ouivira — Navajo — Papago  Saguaro — -El  Morro — Pinnacles — Capulin.  Mountain. 

GRAND  CANYON  NATIONAL  MONUMENT 

Colossus  of  Canyons — By  Sunset  and  Moonrise — Painted  in  Magic  Colors — 
Romantic  Indian  Legend — Masterpiece  of  Erosion — Powell's  Adventure. 


31  Views 


28  Views 


27  Views 


24  Views 


2  Diagrams 
21  Views 


27  Views 


2=;  Views 


30  Views 


35  Views 


24  Views 


(8) 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Hayncs,  St.  Paul 


OLD  FAITHFUL 


YELLOWSTONE 

NATIONAL   PARK 


DEPARTMENT    OF   THE    INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN   K.   LANK,  Sccrctar\ 


NATIONAL   TARK  SERVICE 


Photgrapli  by  E   J.  Hayncs,  St.  Paul 

THE  GREAT  FAILS  OF  THE  YELLOWSTONE,  NEARLY  TWICE  AS  HIGH  AS  NIAGARA 
Below  these  falls  the  river  enters  the  gorgeously  colored  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Yellowstone 


Copyright,  1906,  by  IV  S.  Berry 


ANTELOPE 


THE  LAND  of  WONDERS 

HE  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  the  largest  and  most  widely  cele 
brated  of  our  national  parks.     It  is  a  wooded  wilderness  of  thirty- 
three  hundred  square   miles.     It  contains  more  geysers   than  are 
found  in  the  rest  of  the  world  together.     It  has  innumerable  boiling 
springs  whose  steam  mingles  with  the  clouds. 

It  has  many  rushing  rivers  and  large  lakes.  It  has  waterfalls  of  great 
height  and  large  volume.  It  has  fishing  waters  unexcelled. 

It  has  canyons  of  sublimity,  one  of  which  presents  a  spectacle  of  broken 
color  unequaled.  It  has  areas  of  petrified  forests  with  trunks  standing.  It 
has  innumerable  wild  animals  which  have  ceased  unduly  to  fear  man;  in  fact, 
it  is  unique  as  a  bird  and  animal  sanctuary. 

It  has  great  hotels  and  many  public  camps.  It  has  two  hundred  miles  of 
excellent  roads. 

In  short,  it  is  not  only  the  wonderland  that  common  report  describes;  it  is 
also  the  fitting  playground  and  pleasure  resort  of  a  great  people;  it  is  also  the 
ideal  summer  school  of  nature  study. 


Photograph  by  Cc^rjc  R    K:nj 

THE  UPPER  FALLS  OF  THE  YELLOWSTONE,  A  FEW  MILES  BELOW  YELLOWSTONE  LAKE 
Above  these  tails  the  rushing  river  lies  nearly  level  with  surrounding  country;  below  it  benin  the  canyons 


Photograph  by  George  R.  King 


CREST  OF  THE  LOWER  FALLS 


THREEFOLD  PERSONALITY 


HE  Yellowstone  is  associated  in  the  public  mind  with  geysers  only. 

T       Thousands   even    of    those    who,    watches   in   hand,    have   hustled 
from   sight   to   sight   over   the   usual   stage   schedules,   bring   home 
vivid  impressions  of  little  else. 
There  never  was  a  greater  mistake.     Were  there  no  geysers,  the  Yellow 
stone  watershed  alone,  with  its  glowing  canyon,  would  be  worth  the  national 
park.     Were  there  also  no  canyon,  the  scenic  wilderness  and  its  incomparable 
wealth  of  wild-animal  life  would  be  worth  the  national  park. 

The  personality  of  the  Yellowstone  is  threefold.  The  hot-water  manifes 
tations  are  worth  minute  examination,  the  canyon  a  contemplative  visit,  the 
park  a  summer.  Dunraven  Pass,  Mount  Washburn,  the  canyon  at  Tower 
Falls,  Shoshone  Lak«,  Sylvan  Pass — these  are  known  to  very  few  indeed. 
See  all  or  vou  have  not  seen  the  Yellowstone 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  Si.  Paul 

CASTLE  WELL,  ONE  OF  THE  INNUMERABLE  HOT  SPRINGS 
These  springs,  whose  marvellously  clear  water  is  a  deep  blue,  have  an  astonishing  depth 


Photograph  by  Edward  S.  Curtis 

THE  CARVED  AND  FRETTED  TERRACES  AT  MAMMOTH  HOT  SPRINGS 
These  great  white  hills,  deposited  and  built  up  by  the  hot  waters,  sometimes  envelope  forest  trees 


Photograph  by  J.  E    H.ivncs,  St.  Pan' 

THE  GIANT  GEYSER,  IN  MANY  RESPECTS  THE  GREATEST  OF  ALL 
It  spouts  for  an  hour  at  a  time,  the  water  reaching  a  height  of  250  feet.      Interval,  six  to  fourteen  days 


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Photograph  by  J .  K.  Hayncs,  St.  Paul 

ELECTRIC  PEAK,  A  SLPERB  LANDMARK.  OF  THE  NORTH  SIDE 


MANY-COLORED    CANYON 

ROM  Inspiration  Point,  looking  a  thousand  feet  almost  vertically 
down  upon  the  foaming  Yellowstone  River,  and  southward  three 
miles  to  the  Great  Falls,  the  hushed  observer  sees  spread  before 
him  the  most  glorious  kaleidoscope  of  color  he  will  ever  see  in 
nature.  The  steep  slopes  are  inconceivably  carved  by  the  frost  and  the  ero 
sion  of  the  ages.  Sometimes  they  lie  in  straight  lines  at  easy  angles,  from 
which  jut  high  rocky  prominences.  Sometimes  they  seem  carved  from  the 
side  walls.  Here  and  there  jagged  rocky  needles  rise  perpendicular!)'  like 
groups  of  gothic  spires. 

And  the  whole  is  colored  as  brokenly  and  vividly  as  the  field  of  a  kaleido 
scope.  The  whole  is  streaked  and  spotted  in  every  shade  from  the  deepest 
orange  to  the  faintest  lemon,  from  deep  crimson  through  all  the  brick  shades 
to  the  softest  pink,  from  black  through  all  the  grays  and  pearls  to  glistening 
white.  The  greens  are  furnished  by  the  dark  pines  above,  the  lighter  shades 
of  growth  caught  here  and  there  in  soft  masses  on  the  gentler  slopes  and  the 
foaming  green  of  the  plunging  river  so  far  below.  The  blues,  ever  changing, 
are  found  in  the  dome  of  the  sky  overhead. 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  Si.  Paul 

SYLVAN   LAKE,   BELOW   SYLVAN   PASS,  CODY  ROAD 


Copyright  by  (nfford 

Ynnv  FROM  MorxT  WASHBURX  SHOWIXO  YELLOWSTONE  LAKE  ix  DISTANCE 
The  northern,  east  side  is  a  country  of  striking  and  romantic  scenery  made  accessible  by  excellent  roads 


Cofiyriyhl  by  J.  E.  llayncs,  St.  Paul 

STANDING  UPON  ARTIST'S  POINT,  WHICH  PUSHES  OUT  ALMOST  OVER  THE  FOAMING  RIVER 

You    INTO   THE    MOST    GLORIOUS    IvALEIDOSCl 


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OUSAND  FEET  BELOW.  THE  INCOMPARABLE  CANYON  OF  THE  YELLOWSTONE  WIDENS  BEFORE 
>F  COLOR  You  WILL  EVER  SEE  IN  NATURE 


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Copyright  by  S.  N.  Leek 

THIRTY  THOUSAND  ELK  ROAM  THIS  SANCTUARY  WILDERNESS 


Photograph  by  Schlcchtrn 

IT  is  THE  NATURAL  HOME  OF  THE  CELEBRATED  BIGHORN,  THE  ROCKY-MOUNTAIN  SHEEP 


Photograph  by  (i .  Swanson 

DEKR  MAKE  UNEXPECTED  SILHOUETTES  AT  FREQUENT  INTERVALS 

GREATEST  ANIMAL   REFUGE 


— IHIv  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  by  far  the  largest  and  most  suc- 

Tcessful  wild-animal  preserve  in  the  world.  Since  it  was  estab 
lished  in  1872  hunting  has  been  strictly  prohibited,  and  elk,  bear 
l|  deer  of  several  kinds,  antelope,  bison,  moose,  and  bighorn  mountain 
sheep  roam  the  valleys  and  mountains  in  large  numbers.  Thirty  thousand  elk, 
for  instance,  live  in  the  park.  Antelope,  nearly  extinct  elsewhere,  here  abound. 
These  animals  have  long  since  ceased  to  fear  man  as  wild  animals  do  every 
where  except  in  our  national  parks.  While  few  tourists  see  them  who  follow 
the  beaten  roads  in  the  everlasting  sequence  of  stages,  those  who  linger  in  the 
glorious  wilderness  see  them  in  an  abundance  that  fairly  astonishes. 


Photograph  by  S.  AT.  Leek 

IN  WINTER  WHEN  THE  SNOWS  ARE  DEEP  PARK  RANGERS  LEAVE  HAY  IN  CONVENIENT  SPOTS 


ANIMALS  REALLY  AT  HOME 


Photograph  by  Edward  S.  Curtis 

UNLIKE  THE  GRIZZLY,  THE  BROWN  BEAR  CLIMBS  TREES  QUICKLY  AND  EASILY 


different,  indeed,  from  the  beasts  of  the  after-dinner  story 
and  the  literature  of  adventure  are  the  wild  animals  of  the  Yel 
lowstone.  Never  shot  at,  never  pursued,  they  are  comparatively 
as  fearless  as  song-birds  nestling  in  the  homestead  trees. 
Wilderness  bears  cross  the  road  without  haste  a  few  yards  ahead  of  the 
solitary  passer-by,  and  his  accustomed  horses  jog  on  undisturbed.  Deer  by 
scores  lift  their  antlered  heads  above  near  thickets  to  watch  his  passing.  Elk 
scarcely  slow  their  cropping  of  forest  grasses.  Even  the  occasional  moose, 
straying  far  from  his  southern  wilderness,  scarcely  quickens  his  long  lope. 
Herds  of  antelope  on  near-by  hills  watch  btit  hold  their  own. 

Only  the  grizzly  and  the  mountain  sheep,  besides  the  predatory  beasts,  still 
hide  in  the  fastnesses.  But  even  the  mountain  sheep  loses  fear  and  joins  the 
others  in  winters  of  heavy  snow  when  park  rangers  scatter  hay  by  the  roadside. 


Photograph  by  S.  N.  Leek 


THE  PARADISE  OF  ANGLERS 

HE  Yellowstone  is  a  land  of  splendid  rivers.  Three  watersheds  find 
their  beginnings  within  its  borders.  From  Yellowstone  Lake  flows 
north  the  rushing  Yellowstone  River  with  its  many  tributaries; 
from  Shoshone,  Lewis,  and  Heart  Lakes  flows  south  the  Snake 
River;  and  in  the  western  slopes  rise  the  Madison  and  its  many  tributaries. 
All  are  trout  waters  of  high  degree. 

The  native  trout  of  this  region  is  the  famous  cutthroat.     The  grayling  is 
native  in  the  Madison  River  and  its  tributaries.     Others  have  been  planted. 
Besides  the  stream  fishing,  which  is  unsurpassed,  the  lakes,  particularly 
Shoshone  Lake  and  certain  small  ones,  afford  admirable  sport. 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Hayncs,  St.  Paiil 

A  BIG  LAKE  TROUT  FROM  SHOSHONE  LAKE 
The  oame  cutthroat  is  the  commonest  trout  in  the  Yello\vstone,  but  there  are  six  other  varieties 


Photograbhby  J.  E.  Haynes   St  Paul 

CUTTHROATS  FROM  ONE  TO  THREE  OR  FOUR  POUNDS  ARE  TAKEN  IN  LARGE  NUMBERS 
AT  THE  YELLOWSTONE  LAKE  OUTLET 


Copyright  by  Ci 


YOUNG  PELICANS  ON  MOLLY  ISLAND  IN  YELLOWSTONE  LAKE 
The  Yellowstone  pelicans  are  very  large  and  pure  white,  a  picturesque  feature  of  the  park 


Photograph  by  J .  E.  llaynes,  St.  Paul 


OLD  FAITHFUL  INN 


Copyright  by  J.  E.  Hayna,  St.  Paul 


THE  MAMMOTH  HOTEL 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 


THE  LAKE  HOTEL 
THREE  OF  THE  FIVE  LARGE  HOTELS  IN  THE  YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK 


Photograph  by  Shiplers,  Salt  Lake  City 


THERE  ARE  ALSO  LARGE  PUBLIC  CAMPS 


LIVING  in  the  YELLOWSTONE 

HE   park   has   entrances   on   all   four   sides.     Three   have   railroad 
connections;  the  southern  entrance,  by  way  of  Jackson   Hole  and 
past  the  jagged  snowy  Tetons,  is  available  for  vehicles.     The  roads 
from  all  entrances  enter  a  central  belt  road  which  makes  a  large 
circuit  connecting  places  of  special  interest. 

Four  large  hotels  are  located  at  points  convenient  for  seeing  the  sights,  and 
are  supplemented  by  public  camps  at  modest  prices. 

But  the  day  of  the  unhurried  visitor  has  dawned.  If  you  want  to  enjoy 
your  Yellowstone,  if,  indeed,  you  want  even  to  sec  it,  you  should  make  your 
minimum  twice  five  days;  two  weeks  is  better;  a  month  is  ideal. 

Spend  the  additional  time  at  the  canyon  and  on  the  trails.  See  the  lake 
and  the  pelicans.  Fish  in  Shoshone  Lake.  Climb  Mount  Washburn.  Spend  a 
day  at  Tower  Falls.  See  Mammoth  Hot  Springs.  Hunt  wild  animals  with  a 
camera.  Stay  with  the  wilderness  and  it  will  repay  you  a  thousandfold.  Fish 
a  little,  study  nature  in  her  myriad  wealth— and  live. 

The  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  ideal  for  camping  out.  When  people 
realize  this  it  should  quickly  become  one  of  the  most  lived  in,  as  it  already 
is  one  of  the  most  livable,  of  all  our  national  parks. 


ofivrialit  hy  S.  N   Lc,k 

THE  SOUTH  ENTRANCE  Is  NEAR  THE  LORDLY  TETON  RANGE,  JUST  OVER  THE  BOUNDARY 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 


LOCATION 


AREA 

in 

square 
miles 


DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 


HOT  SPRINGS  RES 

Middle 

iK 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —  Manv  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  — 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872 

western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 

Middle 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890 

eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 

Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890 

eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT 

Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890 

California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 

West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 

Southern 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  i.ooo  feet  hi  eh 

o 

PLATT 

Southern 

*K 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 

Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906 

Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 

North 

i,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 

1910 

western 

250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 

Montana 

ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 

feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

Northern 

398 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 

19*5 

Colorado 

feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 

Hawaii 

118 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,   largest  in  the  world, 

1916 

and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed  

A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 

Northern 

124 

Active  volcano  —  Lassen    Peak,    10,437  feet   in  altitude  — 

1916 

California 

Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet  —  Hot  springs  —  Mud  geysers. 

MOUNT  McKiNLEY 

South 

2,  200 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  -Rises  higher  above 

1917 

central 

surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

Alaska 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


KAUA  "•    ^^°LO%c7^^^Sl       x^T 

THE   HAWAIIAN     ISLANDS  \J_)  * \^J  *\ 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 


ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co  ... 
CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  »ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY  .  .  .  . 
CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co  .  . 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY Railroad  Bu 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY Railroad 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  . 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM Garland 

WABA.SH  RAILWAY 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 


Tucson,  Ariz. 

1 1 19  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

.  .  .  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 
.  .  .  547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 
.  .  .  .  .  .  .  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago.  111. 

La  Salle  Street  Station,    Chicago,  111. 

.     .     .  Railway  Exchange  Building,   Denver, Colo. 

Equitable   Building,    Denver,  Colo. 

ilding.  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Galveston,  Tex. 

Central  Station.   Chicago.  111. 

.  .  .  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Building.  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
,  .  .  Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

Building,  58  East  Washington  Street.  Chicago,  111. 

.     .     .    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

Mills  Building,  San   Francisco ,  Cal. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  XATIOXAE  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BYTHE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

j4  WASHINGTON  ;  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  ;  1917 


Y 

O 

s 

E 

M 

I 

T 
E 


DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE 
INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN  K.  LANE 

Secretary 


NATIONAL  PARK 
SERVICE 


m 


Photograph  by  A.  C.  1'illsbury 

THE  HIGHEST  WATERFALL  IN  THE  WORLD — THE  YOSEMITE  FALLS 

The  Upper  Fall  measures  1,430  feet,  as  high  as  nine  Niagaras.     The  Frnver  Fall  measures  320  feet. 
The  total  drop  from  crest  to  river,  including  intermediate  cascades,  is  almost  half  a  mile 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

THE  YOSEMITE  VALLEY  FROM  INSPIRATION  POINT,  SHOWING  BRIDALVEIL  FALLS 

LAND  of  ENCHANTMENT 

HO  does  not  know  of  the  Yosemite  Valley?  And  yet,  how  few 
have  heard  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park!  How  few  know  that 
this  world-famous,  incomparable  Valley  is  merely  a  crack  seven 
miles  long  in  a  scenic  masterpiece  of  eleven  hundred  square  miles! 
John  Muir  loved  the  Valley  and  crystallized  its  fame  in  phrase. 
But  still  more  he  loved  the  National  Park,  which  he  describes  as  including 
"innumerable  lakes  and  waterfalls  and  smooth  silky  lawns;  the  noblest  forests, 
the  loftiest  granite  domes,  the  deepest  ice-sculptured  canyons,  the  brightest 
crystalline  pavements,  and  snowy  mountains  soaring  into  the  sky  twelve  and 
thirteen  thousand  feet,  arrayed  in  open  ranks  and  spiry-pinnacled  groups  par 
tially  separated  by  tremendous  canyons  and  ampitheaters;  gardens  on  their 
sunny  brows,  avalanches  thundering  down  their  long  white  slopes,  cataracts 
roaring  gray  and  foaming  in  the  crooked  rugged  gorges,  and  glaciers  in  their 
shadowy  recesses  working  in  silence,  slowly  completing  their  sculptures;  new 
born  lakes  at  their  feet,  blue  and  green,  free  or  encumbered  with  drifting  ice 
bergs  like  miniature  Arctic  Oceans,  shining,  sparkling,  calm  as  stars." 


THE  YOSEMITE  VALLEY  FROM  GLACIER  POINT 
The  Upper  and  Lower  Yosemite  Falls  are  here  shown  in  partial  profile 


Photograph  by  J.  T.  Boysen 


HALF  DOME,  FROM  NEAR  WASHINGTON  COLUMN 
Its  summit  is  4,892  feet  above  the  floor  of  the  Valley 


KARI.Y  MORNING  BESIDE  MIRROR  LAKE 
This  lake  is  famous  for  its  reflections  of  the  cliffs.     Mount  Watkins  in  the  background 


Copyrighted,  IQIO,  by  J.  T.  Boysen 

FL  CAPITAN  AT  SUNSET 
This  gigantic  rock,  whose  hard  granite  resisted  the  glacier,  rises  3,604  feet  from  the  Valley  floor 


THE  VALLEY  INCOMPARABLE 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

BEAUTIFUL  VERNAL  FALLS 


first  view  of  most 
spots  of  unusual 
celebrity  often  falls 
short  of  expecta 
tion,  but  this  is  seldom,  if  ever, 
true  of  the  Yosemite  Valley. 
The  sheer  immensity  of  the 
precipices  on  either  side  of  the 
peaceful  floor;  the  loftiness  and 
the  romantic  suggestion  of  the 
numerous  waterfalls;  the  maj 
esty  of  the  granite  walls;  and 
the  unreal,  almost  fairy  quality 
of  the  ever-varying  whole  can 
not  be  successfully  foretold. 

This  valley  was  once  a  tor 
tuous  river  canyon.  So  rapidly 
was  it  cut  by  the  Merced  that 
the  tributary  valleys  soon  re 
mained  hanging  high  on  either 
side.  Then  the  canyon  became 
the  bed  of  a  great  glacier.  It 
was  widened  as  well  as  deepened, 
and  the  hanging  character  of  the 
side  valleys  was  accentuated. 

This  explains  the  enormous 
height  of  the  waterfalls. 

The  Yosemite  Falls,  for  in 
stance,  drops  i  ,430  feet  in  one 
sheer  fall,  a  height  equal  to 
nine  Niagara  Falls  piled  one  on 
top  of  the  other.  The  Lower 
Yosemite  Fall,  immediately  be 
low,  has  a  drop  of  320  feet, 
or  two  Niagaras  more.  Vernal 
Falls  has  the  same  height.  The 
Nevada  Falls  drops  594  feet 
sheer,  and  the  celebrated  Bridal- 
veil  Falls  620  feet.  Nowhere 
else  in  the  world  may  be  had  a 
water  spectacle  such  as  this. 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

ITS  NAME  Is  SELF-EVIDENT — THE  BRIDALVEIL  FALLS 

54590°— Y— 17 2 


9  Y 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts. 


LAKE   TENAYA. 


A  STRIKING  VIEW  OF  NEVADA  FALLS,  LIBERTY  CAP  ON  LEFT 


Photograph  by  A.  C.  PiUsbury 

VERNAL  AND  NEVADA  FALLS  AND  HALF  DOME  FROM  THE  GLACIER  POINT  TRAIL 


Photograph  by  J.  T.  Boysen 


A  BEND  IN  THE  BIG  OAK  FLAT  ROAC 


Photograph  by  A.  L.  Pillsbury 

THE  SHEER  IMMENSITY  OF  THE  PRECIPICES  ON  EITHER  SIDE  THE  VALLEY'S  PEACEFUL   u 

QUALITY  OF  THE  EVER-\TAR\W 


THE  ROMANTIC  MAJESTY  OF  THE  GRANITE  WALLS,  AND  THE  UNREAL,  ALMOST  FAIRYLIKE 
HOLE,  ATTEST  IT  INCOMPARABLE 


CHARM  OF  THE  SCENIC  WILD 


Photograph  by  I  ' .  S.  Kccliunatioii  Scri'icc 

THK  GRIZ/I  Y  GIANT,  THE   BIGGEST 
YOSEMITE  SEQUOIA 

14," 


UMMER  in  the  Yosemite  is 
unreal.  The  Valley,  with  its 
foaming  falls  dissolving  into 
mists,  its  calm  forests  hiding 
the  singing  river,  its  enormous  granites 
peaked  and  domed  against  the  sky,  its  in 
spiring  silence  haunted  by  distant  water, 
suggests  a  dream.  One  has  a  sense  of 
fairyland  and  the  awe  of  iniinity. 

Imagine  Cathedral  Rocks  rising 
twenty-six  hundred  feet  above  the  wild 
flowers,  El  Capitan  thirty-six  hundred 
feet,  Sentinel  Dome  four  thousand  feet, 
Half  Dome  five  thousand  feet,  and 
Clouds  Rest  six  thousand  feet!  And 
among  them,  the  waterfalls! 

Even  the  weather  appears  impossi 
ble;  the  summers  are  warm,  but  not  too 
warm;  dry,  but  not  too  dry;  the  nights 
cold  and  marvelously  starry. 

A  few  miles  away  are  the  Big  Trees, 
not  the  greatest  groves  nor  the  greatest 
trees,  for  those  are  in  the  Sequoia  Na 
tional  Park,  a  hundred  miles  south,  but 
three  groves  containing  monsters  which, 
next  to  Sequoia's,  are  the  hugest  and  the 
oldest  living  things.  Of  these  the  Grizzly 
Giant  is  king — whose  diameter  is  nearly 
thirty  feet,  whose  girth  is  over  ninety- 
nine,  and  whose  height  is  more  than  two 
hundred.  Their  presence  commands  the 
silence  due  to  worship. 

Winter  is  becoming  a  feature  in  the 
life  of  the  Valley.  Hotels  are  open  to 
accommodate  an  increasing  flow  of  vis 
itors.  The  falls  are  still  and  frozen,  the 
trees  laden  with  snowy  burdens.  The 
greens  have  vanished;  the  winter  sun 
shines  upon  a  glory  of  gray  and  white. 

Winter  sports  are  rapidly  becoming 
popular  on  the  floor  of  the  Valley. 


Photograph  b;>  J .  T.  Boy  sen 


SLEIGHING  AND  SKIING  IN  YOSFMITE 
Winter  sports  are  rapidly  becoming  popular  on  the  floor  of  the  Valley 


Photograph  by  J.  T .  Boy  sen 


SKATING  ON   ICE  ON  MIRROR  LAKE 


LIVING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS 


Copyrighted,  IQIU,  by  J .  T.  Boysen 

WHO'S  COMING  r 


Copyrighted,  1910,  by  J.  T.  Hoy. 

WOOF  ! 


IVING  is  comfortable  in  the 
Yosemite.  Several  roomy  pub 
lic  camps,  and  a  fine  hotel  offer 
the  visitor  to  the  Valley  a 
choice  of  kind  and  price.  Above  the  Val 
ley  lodges  and  most  comfortable  camps 
occur  at  convenient  intervals  on  road  and 
trail.  There  is  a  new  hotel  on  Glacier  Point. 
These  improved  conditions  begin  the 
larger  development  of  the  Yosemite  Na 
tional  Park  which  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  has  planned  so  long  and  so  care 
fully.  It  has  there  inaugurated  a  model 
policy  for  all  the  national  parks.  The 
Yosemite  is  reached  from  Merced. 

The  Yosemite  is  an  excellent  place  to 
camp  out.  One  may  have  choice  of  many 
kinds  of  mountain  country.  Nearly  every 
where  the  trout  fishing  is  exceptionally 
fine.  Camping  outfits  may  be  rented  and 
supplies  purchased  in  the  Valley.  Garages 
for  motorists  and  rest-houses  for  trampers 
will  be  found  at  convenient  intervals. 

TIOGA  ROAD 

BOVE  the  north  rim  of  the 
valley  the  old  Tioga  Road, 
which  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  acquired  in  1915  and 
put  into  good  condition,  crosses  the  park 
from  east  to  west,  affording  a  new  route 
across  the  Sierra  and  opening  to  the  pub 
lic  for  the  first  time  the  magnificent  scenic 
region  in  the  north. 

The  Tioga  Road  was  built  in  1881  to  a 
mine  soon  after  abandoned.  For  years  it 
has  been  impassable.  It  is  now  the  gate 
way  to  a  wilderness  heretofore  accessible 
only  to  campers. 


NORTH  OF  THE  VALLEY'S  RIM 


B 


EFORK  the  restored  Tioga  Road  made  accessible  the  magnificent 
mountain   and   valley   area   constituting   the   northern   half   of   the 
Yosemite  National  Park,  this  pleasure  paradise  was  known  to  none 
except  a  few  enthusiasts  who  penetrated  its  wilderness  year  after 
year  with  camping  outfits. 

This  is  the  region  of  rivers  and  lakes  and  granite  domes  and  brilliantly 
polished  glacial  pavements.  The  mark  of  the  glacier  is  seen  on  every  hand. 
It  is  the  region  of  small  glaciers,  remnants  of  a  gigantic  past,  of  which  there 
ate  several  in  the  park.  It  is  the  region  of  rock-bordered  glacier  lakes  of 
which  there  are  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty.  It  is  the  region,  above  all, 
of  small,  rushing  rivers  and  of  the  roaring,  foaming,  twisting  Tuolumne. 

From  the  base  of  the  Sierra  crest,  born  of  its  snows,  the  Tuolumne  River 
rushes  westward  roughly  paralleling  the  Tioga  Road.  Midway  it  slants 
sharply  down  into  the  Tuolumne  Canyon  forming  in  its  mad  course  a  water 
spectacle  destined  some  day  to  world  fame. 


Photograph  by  H.  C,  Tibbitts 


TIOGA  ROAD  SCENERY 


I7Y 


Photograph  by  W.  L.  Huber 

THE  HIGH  SIERRA:  VIEW  OF  MOUNT  RITTER  FROM  KUNA  CREST 


Photograph  by  Herbert  \V.  Glcason 

BEAUTIFUL  ROGERS  LAKE  AND  REGULATION  PEAK  IN  THE  NORTHERN  PART  OF  THE  PARK 


Photograph  by  W .  L.  llubcr 


THE  WATERWHEEL  BELOW  CALIFORNIA  FALLS 


MAD  WATERS  of  TUOLUMNE 

ONE   but  the  hardiest  climbers   have  clambered   down   the  Grand 
Canyon  of  the  Tuolumne  and  seen  its  leaping  waters. 

Here  the  river,  slanting  sharply,  becomes,  in  John  Muir's 
phrase,  "one  wild,  exulting,  onrushing  mass  of  snowy  purple  bloom 
spreading  over  glacial  waves  of  granite  without  any  definite  channel,  gliding  in 
magnificent  silver  plumes,  dashing  and  foaming  through  huge  bowlder  dams,  leap 
ing  high  in  the  air  in  wheellike  whirls,  displaying  glorious  enthusiasm,  tossing 
from  side  to  side,  doubling,  glinting,  singing  in  exuberance  of  mountain  energy." 


Photograph  by  A.  C.  PiUsbury 


A  PAIR  OF  TUOLUMNE  WATERWHEELS 


THE    EVERLASTING    SNOWS 


UMMITS  of  perpetual 
snow  are,  for  most  Amer 
icans,  a  new  association 
with  Yosemite.  But  the 
region's  very  origin  was  that  Sierra 
whose  crest  peaks  on  the  park's  eastern 
boundary  still  shelter  in  shrunken  old 
age  the  once  all-powerful  glaciers. 

Excelsior,  Conness,  Dana,  Kuna, 
Blacktop,  Lyell,  Long — from  the  com 
panionship  of  these  great  peaks  de 
scended  the  ice-pack  of  old  and  de 
scend  to-day  the  sparkling  waters  of 
the  Tuolumne  and  the  Merced. 

From  their  great  summits  the 
climber  beholds  a  sublime  wilderness  of 
crowded,  towering  mountains,  a  con 
trast  to  the  silent,  uplifting  Valley  as 
striking  as  mind  can  conceive.  Ever 
lasting  snows  fill  the  hollows  between 
the  peaks  and  spatter  their  jagged 
granite  sides.  The  glaciers  feed  in 
numerable  small  lakes. 


Photograph  by  \V .  L.  Uubcr 

ASCENDING  MOUNT  LYELL 


P holograph  by  W .  L.  Hither 

CROSSING  SNOW  HUMMOCKS  IN  THE  ASCENT  OF  MOUNT  LYELL 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


NATIONAL  PARK 

and  Date 

LOCATION 

ARK  A 

in 
square 
miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES 

Middle 

IJ2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —  Many  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  — 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North- 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872                  western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petri  fied  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YosEMiTE             Middle 

I,    125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890                  eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks—  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA              Middle                  252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890                   eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT      Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890                   California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER      West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE      '  Southern              249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902                  Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

Southern               1/2 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 

Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906 

Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 

North-               i,  534      Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 

1910 

western 

250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 

.Montana 

ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 

feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

Northern               398 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  u.oooto  14,250 

19*5 

Colorado 

feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 

Hawaii 

118 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 

1916 

and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed  — 

A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 

Northern 

124 

Active  volcano    -Lassen    Peak,    10,437  feet    in  altitude  — 

1916 

California 

Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet  —  Hot  springs  —  Mud  gevsers. 

MOUNT  McKiNLEY 

South 

2,  200      Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  —  Rises  higher  above 

1917 

central 

surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

Alaska 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 

ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD Tucson,  Ariz. 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY 226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co ^47  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY "...     .  Railway  Exchange.  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co La  Salle  Street  Station,   Chicago,  111. 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co Equitable  Building,    Denver,  Colo. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY Galveston,  Tex. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD Central  Station.  Chicago,  111. 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  .     .     .     .     Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

WABASH  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  \vithin  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  \vhich  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

24  WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  :  1017 


THE   BIG  TREE   NATIONAL    PARK 


S  E  Q  U  O  I  A 

NATIONAL    PARK 


L.i.4 

Photograph  by  A.  C. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE   INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN  K.  EANE,  Secretary 

NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


Photograph  by  Rodney  L.  Ulisan 

VIEW  OF  THE  BIG  ARROYO  FROM  SAWTOOTH  PEAK 


Photograph  by  U .  S.  Geological  Survey 


IT  Is  THE  IDEAL  PARK  FOR  CAMPING 


LAND  OF  GIANT  TREES 

ATURE'S  forest  masterpiece  is  John  Muir's  designation  of  the 
giant  tree  after  which  is  named  the  Sequoia  National  Park  in 
middle  eastern  California.  Here,  within  an  area  of  two  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  square  miles,  are  found  several  large  groves  of 
the  celebrated  Sequoia  Washingtoniana,  popularly  known  and  widely  celebrated 
as  the  Big  Tree  of  California. 

More  than  a  million  of  these  trees  grow  within  the  park's  narrow  confines, 
many  of  them  mere  babes  of  a  few  hundred  years,  many  sturdy  youths  of  a 
thousand  years,  many  in  the  young  vigor  of  two  or  three  thousand  years,  and 
a  few  in  full  maturity.  The  principal  entrance  is  Visalia,  California. 

Half  a  dozen  miles  away  is  the  General  Grant  National  Park,  whose  four 
square  miles  were  set  apart  because  they  contained  the  General  Grant  Tree, 
second  only  in  size  and  age  to  the  patriarch  of  all,  the  General  Sherman  Tree. 

On  Sequoia's  favored  slopes  grow  other  monsters  also.  It  is  the  park  of 
magnificent  trees  of  many  kinds,  and  it  is  the  park  of  birds. 

The  Sequoia  National  Park  is  the  gateway  to  one  of  the  grandest  scenic 
areas  in  this  or  any  other  land.  Over  its  borders  to  the  north  and  east  lies 
a  land  of  sublime  nobility  whose  wild  rivers  and  tortuous  canyons,  whose 
glacier-carved  precipices  and  vast  snowy  summits  culminating  in  the  supreme 
altitude  of  Whitney,  will  make  it  some  day  surpassed  in  celebrity  by  none. 


THE  BIGGEST  THING   ALIVE 


Photograph  by  Lindlcy  Eddy 

THE  GENERAL  SHERMAN  TREE 
I  he  largest  and  oldest  living  thin<;  in  all  the  world 


F  the  1,156,000  se 
quoia  trees,  old  and 
young,  which  form 
these  groves,  twelve 
thousand  exceed  ten  feet  in 
diameter.  Muir  states  that  a 
diameter  of  twenty  feet  and  a 
height  of  two  hundred  and 
seventy-five  is  perhaps  the 
average  for  mature  and  favor 
ably  situated  trees,  while  trees 
twenty-five  feet  in  diameter  and 
approaching  three  hundred  in 
height  are  not  rare. 

But  the  greatest  trees  have 
astonishing  dimensions: 

General  Sherman :  diameter, 
36.5  feet;  height,  279.9  feet. 

General  Grant:  diameter, 
35  feet;  height,  264  feet. 

Abraham  Lincoln :  diam 
eter,  31  feet;  height,  270  feet. 

California:  diameter,  30 
feet;  height,  260  feet. 

George  Washington:  diam 
eter,  29  feet;  height,  255  feet. 

A  little  effort  will  help  you 
realize  these  dimensions.  Meas 
ure  and  stake  in  front  of  a 
church  the  diameter  of  the  Gen 
eral  Sherman  Tree.  Then  stand 
back  a  distance  equal  to  the 
tree's  height.  Raise  your  eyes 
slowly  and  imagine  this  huge 
trunk  rising  in  front  of  the 
church.  \Ylien  you  reach  a  point 
in  the  sky  forty-five  degrees  up 
from  the  spot  on  which  you 
stand  you  will  have  the  tree's 
height  were  it  growing  in  front 
of  votir  church. 


THE    OLDEST    THING   ALIVE 


HE  General  Sherman 

TTree  is  the  oldest 
living  thing.  At  the 
birth  of  Moses  it 
was  probably  a  sapling.  Its 
exact  age  can  not  be  determined 
without  counting  the  rings,  but 
it  is  probably  in  excess  of  thirty- 
five  hundred  years.  This  looks 
back  long  before  the  beginning 
of  human  history .  When  Christ 
was  born  it  was  a  lusty  youth 
of  fifteen  hundred  summers. 

There  are  many  thousands 
of  trees  in  the  Sequoia  National 
Park  which  were  growing  thrift 
ily  when  Christ  was  born;  hun 
dreds  which  were  flourishing 
while  Babylon  was  in  its  prime  ; 
several  which  antedated  the  pyr 
amids  on  the  Egyptian  desert. 

John  Muir  counted  four 
thousand  rings  on  one  prostrate 
giant.  This  tree  probably 
sprouted  while  the  Tower  of 
Babel  was  still  standing. 

The  sequoia  is  regular  and 
symmetrical  in  general  form. 
Its  powerful,  stately  trunk  is 
purplish  to  cinnamon  brown 
and  rises  without  a  branch  a 
hundred  or  a  hundred  and  fifty 
feet — which  is  as  high  or  higher 
than  the  tops  of  most  forest 
trees.  Its  bulky  limbs  shoot 
boldly  out  on  every  side.  Its 
foliage,  the  most  feathery  and 
delicate  of  all  the  conifers,  is 
densely  massed. 

The  wood  is  almost  inde 
structible  except  by  fire. 


Photograph  by  IT.  L.  Hubcr 

THE  GENERAL  GRANT  TREK 
Second  in  size  and  a<ie  only  to  the  General  Sherman  1  ree 

to  J 


Photograph  by  George  F.  Belden 


"DEEP  IN  THE  WOODY  WILDERNESS" 


WILDERNESS  OF  MONSTERS 

ERSONS  who  have  seen  the  Mariposa  Grove  in  the  Yosemite  National 
Park  have  seen  sequoias  of  the  noblest  type;  but  only  in  the  Giant 
Forest  of  the  Sequoia  National  Park  will  they  see  them  in  the 
impressive  glory  of  massed  multitude  and  wildest  grandeur.  To 
walk  and  wonder  through  these  woods,  even  for  a  few  hours,  is  to  feel  an 
emotion  which  can  be  duplicated  nowhere  else. 

It  is  not  the  sequoias  alone,  as  in  the  Mariposa  Grove,  that  stir  the  soul, 
but  the  bewildering  and  climatic  repetition  of  monsters  rising  singly  and 
superbly  grouped  from  a  dense  and  seemingly  endless  forest  of  noble  growths  of 
many  other  kinds. 

Without  the  sequoias  this  forest  would  be  notable.  With  their  constant 
unexpected  repetition  the  effect  is  dramatic,  even  breath-taking.  Many  of  the 
very  greatest  trees  are  happened  upon  casually  as  the  visitor  winds  through  the 
bush-grown  aisles  of  pine,  and  their  sudden  appearance  is  the  more  dramatic 
because  of  the  freedom  of  their  red  pillared  stems  from  the  bright  green  flowing 
moss  upon  the  trunks  and  branches  of  the  uncountable  pines. 

Until  July,  1916,  when  Congress  appropriated  $50,000  for  the  purchase  of  a 
part  of  the  private  holdings  in  the  Giant  Forest,  it  was  our  national  misfortune 
and  peril  that  most  of  these  monster  trees  remained  the  property  of  individuals. 
The  balance  of  the  property  was  purchased  for  $20,000  by  the  National  Geo 
graphic  Society  and  donated  to  the  Unite'l  States. 


Photograph  by  Lindlcy  Eddy 


VISTAS  OF  THE  GIANT  FOREST 
Many  of  these  trees  were  growing  thriftily  when  Christ  was  born 


Photograph  by  Lmdley  Eddy 


ALTA  PEAK  FROM  MORO  ROCK 


Photograph  by  11.  C.  Tibbitls 


ALTA  ]V!EADOWS  NEAR  THE  GIANT  FOREST 


Photograph  by  Lmdley  Eddy 


SUNSET  FROM  THE  RIM  OF  MARBLE  FORK  CANYON 


THE  SIERRA  CLUB  IN  CAMP 


Photograph  by  S.  H.  Willard 

MOUNT  BREWER,  "THE  MOUNTAIN  MAGNIFICENT,"  FROM  EAST  LAKE 


P holograph  by  S.  H.  Willard 

RAE  LAKE,  PROBABLY  THE  MOST  BEAUTIFUL  IN  THE  HIGH  SIERRA 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tihbitts 


THE  CELEBRATED  KINGS  RIVER  CANYON 


Photograph  by  H,  C.  Tibbitts 


UNIVERSITY  PEAK  FROM  KEARSARGE   PASS 


IX* 


Photograph  by  Lindlcy  Eddy 


THE  1 
This  trunk  measures  288  feet.     Sequoia  wood  is  almost  indestrui 


i 


N   GIANT 

xcept  by  fire.     This  tree  may  have  been  prostrate  for  many  centuries 


Plwtoaratihhy  C.  II.  l/,;»n!t,. 


AN  AGHD  JUMPER 
Sequoia  is  the  park  ot  big  trees  ot  many  kinds,  and  ir  is  the  park  of  birds 


THE    GREATER    SEQUOIA 


55 


NE  can  not  think  or  speak  of  the  Sequoia  National  Park  without 
including  the  extraordinary  scenic  country  lying  beyond  its  bound 
aries  to  the  north  and  east.  Not  that  there  is  much  in  common 
between  the  two,  for  the  park  marks  the  supremacy  of  forest  lux 
uriance  and  the  outlying  country  the  supremacy  of  rock-sculptured  canyon 
and  snowy  summit. 

And  yet  there  is  the  common  note  of  supremacy,  each  of  its  own  kind. 
And  there  is  the  common  note  of  continuity,  for,  from  the  lowest  valley 
of  the  wooded  park  to  the  peak  of  our  loftiest  height,  Mount  Whitney,  nature's 
painting  runs  the  gamut.     The  parts  are  indivisible;  to  separate  them  is  to  cut 
in  two  the  canvas  of  the  Master. 

And  so  it  is  that  those  who  know  this  land  of  exuberant  climax  have  come 
to  call  it  "The  Greater  Sequoia"  in  order  to  express  not  the  part  limited  by 
the  park's  official  title  but  the  whole  as  God  made  it. 

There  is  a  bill  now  before  Congress  to  enlarge  the  park  boundaries  so  that 
they  shall  inclose  it  all. 


.  -at>h  by  II.  C.  Tibbitts 

THE  Ci  OLD  EN  TROUT  CREEK 

The  trout  caught  in  this  stream  are  brilliantly  golden.     They  are  found  nowhere  else  in  the  world 
except  where  transplanted  from  this  stream 


Photograph  by  J.  N.  Lc  Conic 

TEHIPITE  DOME,  ^,000  FEET  SHEER  ABOVE  THE   KINGS  RIVER 


Photograph  by  S.  H   Willard 

GRAND  SENTINEL,  TOWERING  3,500   FEET  ABOVE  THE   RIVER,  is  ONE  OF  THE   FEATURES  OF 

KINGS  RIVER  CANYON 


KINGS  AND  KERN  CANYONS 


outside  the  park's  boundaries  and  overlooking  it  from  the 
east  the  amazing,  craggy  Sierra  gives  birth  in  glacial  chambers 
to  two  noble  rivers.  A  hundred  thousand  rivulets  trickle  from 
the  everlasting  snows;  ten  thousand  resultant  brooks  roar  down 
the  rocky  slopes;  hundreds  of  resultant  streams  swell  their  turbulent,  trout- 
haunted  currents. 

One  of  these  rivers,  the  Kings,  flows  west,  paralleling  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  park.  The  other,  the  Kern,  flows  south,  paralleling  its  eastern  boundary. 
The  Kings  River  Canyon  and  the  Canyon  of  the  Kern  are  practically 
matchless  for  the  wild  quality  of  their  beauty  and  the  majesty  of  their  setting. 
The  traveler  goes  home  to  plan  his  return,  for  this  is  a  country  whose  peculiar 
charm  lays  an  enduring  clutch  upon  desire.  "The  Greater  Sequoia"  has  few 
visitors  yet — but  they  are  worshipers. 

Unlike  many  areas  of  extreme  rocky  character,  this  is  not  specially  difficult 
to  travel;  it  curiously  adapts  itself  to  trails.  It  is  an  ideal  land  for  the  camper. 
But  one  must  go  well  equipped.  There  must  be  good  guides,  good  horses, 
and  plenty  of  warm  clothing.  The  difference  here  between  a  good  and  an 
indifferent  equipment  is  the  difference  between  satisfaction  and  misery. 


Photograph  by  S.  H.  \Vdlard 

ROARING  FORK  FALLS  ON  THE  SOUTH  FORK  OF  THE  KINGS 

18  S 


Photograph  by  H   C.  Tibbitts 

HERE  THE  SIERRA  HAS  MASSED  HER  MOUNTAINS;    TUMBLED  THEM  WILLFULLY, 
RECKLESSLY,  INTO  ONE  TITANIC,  SPRAWLING  HEAP 


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THE  SUMMIT  OF  MOUNT  WHITNEY,  NEARLY  THREE   MILES  HIGH 


Photograph  by  Emerson  Hough 

SUMMIT  OF  MOUNT  WHITNEY.     THE   STONE   SHELTER  ON  MOUNT  WHITNEY'S  SUMMIT 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


AREA 

NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

in 
square 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

miles 

HOT  SPRINGS  Res-     Middle                  ija 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —  Manv  hotels 

ERVATION             Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  —  • 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE        North- 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872                  western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  —  • 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE             Middle 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890                   eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 

Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890 

eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT 

Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890 

California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 

West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  -28  glaciers, 

1899                   central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE         Southern              249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1  902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

Southern 

I,1  2 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE          Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906                   Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 
1910 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 
I9IS 

HAWAII 
1916 


North 
western 
Montana 


Northern 
Colorado 

Hawaii 


i,534 

398 
118 


LASSEN  VOLCANIC     Northern  124 

1916  California 

MOTNTMcKlNLEY       South 

central 
Alaska 


Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  gla 
ciers — Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of 
feet  deep — Fine  trout  fishing. 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  Range,  peaks  n,oooto  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 
and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed — 
A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 
contains  many  cones. 

Active  volcano  -Lassen  Peak,  10,437  ^eet  in  altitude — 
Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet — Hot  springs — Mud  geysers. 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America— Rises  higher  above 
surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 


National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  iSSq,  Arizona 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 


.  .  .  .Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 
.  .  .  .Large  natural  cavern. 

.  .Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  diiring 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 


ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD 
ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 
CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY 
CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co 
CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY 
CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co 
COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 
DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co 


Tucson,  Ariz. 

.  .  .  1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

.   226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,   Chicago,  111. 

547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Railway  Exchange,  Chicago.  111. 

.  .  .  La  Salle  Street  Station,  Chicago,  111. 
.  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver, Colo. 

.     .     .    Equitable   Building,    Denver,  Colo. 


GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY Galveston,  Tex. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD Central  Station,   Chicago.  111. 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis, Mo. 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  .     .     .     .     Pacific  Electric  Building.  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM Garland  Building.  =;S  Eist   Washington  Street.  Chicago.  111. 

WABASH  RAILWAY Railway  Exch  inge  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY Mills   Building,  San   Francisco.  Cal. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National   Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  in'  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


WASHINGTON   :   GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  :   1917 


MOUNT  RAINIER 

NATIONAL  PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,  Secretary 

NATIONAL  PARK   SERVICE 


Pholuiiraf>h  by  Cur/is  (f^  Miller 

A  RIPPLING  RIVER  OF  ICE  400  FEET  THICK  FLOWING  FROM  THE  SHINING  SUMMIT 
Looking  from  a  wild-flower  slope  clown  upon  the  celebrated  Nisqually  Glacier  and  up  at  Columbia  Crest 


,>** 


IX  £\ 


lltik/vIL-  IVCKIv-V 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 


ENTRANCE  TO  MOUNT  RAINIER  NATIONAL  PARK 

THE  FROZEN  OCTOPUS 

ROM  the  Cascade  Mountains  in  Washington  rises  a  series  of  vol 
canoes  which  once  blazed  across  the  sea  like  giant  beacons.     To 
day,  their  fires  quenched,  they  suggest  a  stalwart  band  of  Knights 
of  the  Ages,  helmeted  in  snow,  armored  in  ice,  standing  at  parade 
upon  a  carpet  patterned  gorgeously  in  wild  flowers. 

Easily  chief  of  this  knightly  band  is  Mount  Rainier,  a  giant  towering 
14,408  feet  above  tidewater  in  Puget  Sound.  Home-bound  sailors  far  at  sea 
mend  their  courses  from  his  silver  summit. 

This  mountain  has  a  glacier  system  far  exceeding  in  size  and  impressive 
beauty  that  of  any  other  in  the  United  States.  From  its  snow-covered  summit 
twenty-eight  rivers  of  ice  pour  slowly  down  its  sides.  Seen  upon  the  map, 
as  if  from  an  aeroplane,  one  thinks  of  it  as  an  enormous  frozen  octopus  stretch 
ing  icy  tentacles  down  upon  every  side  among  the  rich  gardens  of  wild  flowers 
and  splendid  forests  of  firs  and  cedars  below. 


Plnifmjrafih  by  Curtis  ej  Miller 

ABOVE  EVERY  CURVE  OF  THE  PARADISE  ROAD  LOOMS  THE  GREAT  WHITE  MOUNTAIN 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

FROM  UNDER  THE  SHADOWY  FIRS  OF  VAN  TRUMP  PARK  IT  GLISTENS  STARTLINGLY 


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Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

LOOKING  INTO  A  GREAT  CREVASSE  IN  THE  STEVENS  GLACIER 
Crevasses  are  caused  by  the  swifter  motion  of  the  middle  than  the  sides.     This  ice  is  400  feet  deep 


THE  GIANT   RIVERS   OF   ICE 


VERY  winter  the  moisture-laden  winds  from  the  Pacific,  suddenly 
cooled  against  its  summit,  deposit  upon  Rainier's  top  and  sides 
enormous  snows.  These,  settling  in  the  mile-wide  crater  which 
was  left  after  a  great  explosion  in  some  prehistoric  age  carried 
away  perhaps  two  thousand  feet  of  the  volcano's  former  height,  press  with 
overwhelming  weight  down  the  mountain's  sloping  sides. 

Thus  are  born  the  glaciers,  for  the  snow  under  its  own  pressure  quickly 
hardens  into  ice.  Through  twenty-eight  valleys,  self -carved  in  the  solid  rock, 
flow  these  rivers  of  ice,  now  turning,  as  rivers  of  water  turn,  to  avoid  the 
harder  rock  strata,  now  roaring  over  precipices  like  congealed  water  falls, 
now  rippling,  like  water  currents,  over  rough  bottoms,  pushing,  pouring 
relentlessly  on  until  they  reach  those  parts  of  their  courses  where  warmer 
air  turns  them  into  rivers  of  water. 

There  are  forty-eight  square  miles  of  these  glaciers. 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

SNOUT  OF  NISQUALLY  GLACIER  WHERE  THE  NISQUALLY  RIVER  BEGINS 

54590°— MR— 17 2 


Photograph  by  Curtis  ft  Millc 


CLOSE  TO  THE  SUMMIT  OF  MOUNT  RAINIER 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

LEAVING  CAMP  OF  THE  CLOUDS  FOR  THE  SUMMIT 

Nearly  every  day  parties  start  for  the  long  hard  tramp  up  the  glaciers  to  Columbia  Crest.  The  climbers 
must  dress  warmly,  paint  their  faces  and  hands  to  protect  the  skin  from  sunburn,  and  eat  sparingly. 
Dark  glasses  must  be  worn.  None  but  the  hardy  mountain  climbers  attempt  this  arduous  tramp. 


IN  AN  ARCTIC  WONDERLAND 


OUNT  RAINIER 
is  nearly  three  miles 
high  measured  from 
sea  level.  It  rises 
nearly  two  miles  from  its  im 
mediate  base.  Once  it  was  a 
finished  cone  like  the  famous 
Fujiyama,  the  sacred  mountain 
of  Japan.  Then  it  was  prob 
ably  16,000  feet  high.  Indian 
legends  tell  of  the  great  erup 
tion. 

In  addition  to  the  twenty- 
eight  named  glaciers  there  are 
others  yet  unnamed  and  little 
known.  Few  visitors  have 
seen  the  wonderful  north  side, 
a  photograph  of  which  will  be 
found  on  a  later  page.  It  pos 
sesses  endless  possibilities  for 
development  and  easy  grades  to 
Columbia  Crest,  the  wonderful 
snow-covered  summit  which  is 
the  second  highest  summit  in 
the  United  States. 

Many  interesting  things 
might  be  told  of  the  glaciers 
were  there  space.  For  example, 
several  species  of  minute  insects 
live  in  the  ice,  hopping  about 
like  tiny  fleas.  They  are  harder 
to  see  than  the  so-called  sand 
fleas  at  the  seashore  because 
much  smaller.  Slender,  dark- 
brown  worms  live  in  countless 
millions  in  the  surface  ice. 
Microscopic  rose-colored  plants 
also  thrive  in  such  great  num 
bers  that  they  tint  the  surface 
here  and  there,  making  what  is 
commonly  called  "red  snow." 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

COASTING  AT  PARADISE  VALLEY 


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Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  SPECTACLES  OF  AMERICA  Is  MOUNT  RAINIER,  FROM  INDIAN  HENRYS 


INTING  GROUND,  GLISTENING  AGAINST  THE  SKY  AND  PICTURED  AGAIN  IN  MIRROR  LAKE 


GLACIER  AND  WILD  FLOWER 

"ROB ABLY  no  glacier  of  large  size  in  the  world  is  so  quickly,  easily, 
and  comfortably  reached  as  the  most  striking  and  celebrated, 
though  by  no  means  the  largest,  of  Mount  Rainier's,  the  Nisqually 
Glacier.  It  descends  directly  south  from  the  snowy  summit  in  a 
long  curve,  its  lower  finger  reaching  into  parklike  glades  of  luxuriant  wild 
flowers.  From  Paradise  Park  one  may  step  directly  upon  its  fissured  surface. 

The  Nisqually  Glacier  is  five  miles  long  and,  at  Paradise  Park,  is  half 
a  mile  wide.  Glistening  white  and  fairly  smooth  at  its  shining  source  on  the 
mountain's  summit,  its  surface  here  is  soiled  with  dust  and  broken  stone  and 
squeezed  and  rent  by  terrible  pressure  into  fantastic  shapes.  Innumerable 
crevasses,  or  cracks  many  feet  deep,  break  across  it  caused  by  the  more  rapid 
movement  of  the  glacier's  middle  than  its  edges;  for  glaciers,  like  rivers  of 
water,  develop  swifter  currents  nearer  midstream. 

Professor  Le  Conte  tells  us  that  the  movement  of  Nisqually  Glacier  in 
summer  averages,  at  midstream,  about  sixteen  inches  a  day.  It  is  far  less  at 
the  margins,  its  speed  being  retarded  by  the  friction  of  the  sides. 

Ivike  all  glaciers,  the  Nisqually  gathers  on  its  surface  masses  of  rock  with 
which  it  strews  its  sides  just  as  rivers  of  water  strew  their  banks  with  rocks  and 
floating  debris.  These  are  called  lateral  moraines,  or  side  moraines.  Some 
times  glaciers  build  lateral  moraines  miles  long.  The  Nisqually  ice  is  four  hun 
dred  feet  thick  in  places. 

The  rocks  which  are  carried  in  midstream  to  the  end  of  the  glacier  and 
dropped  when  the  ice  melts  are  called  the  terminal  moraine. 

The  end,  or  snout,  of  the  glacier  thus  always  lies  among  a  great  mass  of 
rocks  and  stones.  The  Nisqually  River  generally  flows  from  a  cave  in  the  end 
of  the  Nisqually  Glacier's  snout.  The  river  is  dark  brown  when  it  first  appears 
because  it  carries  sediment  and  powdered  rock  which,  however,  it  soon  deposits, 
becoming  clear. 

But  this  brief  picture  of  the  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  would  miss  its 
loveliest  touch  without  some  notice  of  the  wild-flower  parks  lying  at  the  base, 
and  often  reaching  far  up  between  the  icy  fingers,  of  Mount  Rainier. 

"Above  the  forests,"  writes  John  Muir,  the  celebrated  naturalist,  "there 
is  a  /.one  of  the  loveliest  flowers,  fifty  miles  in  circuit  and  nearly  two  miles 
wide,  so  closely  planted  and  luxurious  that  it  seems  as  if  nature,  glad  to  make 
an  open  space  between  woods  so  dense  and  ice  so  deep,  were  economizing  the 
precious  ground  and  trying  to  see  how  many  of  her  darlinrs  she  can  get 
together  in  one  mountain  wreath — daisies,  anemones,  columbine,  erythroniums, 
larkspurs,  etc.,  among  which  we  wade  knee-deep  and  waist-deep,  the  bright 
corollas  in  myriads  touching  petal  to  petal.  Altogether  this  is  the  richest 
subalpiiie  garden  I  have  ever  found,  a  perfect  flower  elysium." 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

MOUNT  ADAMS  FROM  MOUNT  RAINIER — FORTY  MILES  SOUTHWARD 


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Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

BEAUTIFUL  PARADISE  VALLEY  SHOWING  THE  TATOOSH  RIDGE 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

TlMBER-LlNE    AND    FLOWER    FlELDS    IN    BEAUTIFUL    PARADISE    VALLEY 


PjUP  vH 


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Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 

THE  ROADS  LEAD  TO  THE  GLACIERS  THROUGH  FORESTS  OF  FIR  AND  CEDAR 


or^: 


-; 


CRATER  LAKE  (UNFORTUNATELY  NAMED)  A  NORTH-SIDE  GEM  OF  BEAUTY 


Photograph  by  Curtis  &  Miller 


THE  ROADS  ARE  ADMIRABLE 


EASIEST  GLACIERS  TO  SEE 


HE  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  is  so  accessible  that  one  may 
get  a  brief  close-by  glimpse  in  one  day.  The  new  railroad  slogan, 
"Four  hours  from  Tacoma  to  the  Glaciers,"  tells  the  story. 

But  no  one  unless  under  dire  necessity  should  think  of  being  so 
near  one  of  the  greatest  spectacles  in  nature  without  sparing  several  days  for 
a  real  look;  several  weeks  is  none  too  long.  Thousands  of  Americans  in  nor 
mal  years  go  to  Switzerland  to  see  glaciers  much  harder  to  reach  and  far  less 
satisfactory  to  study. 

An  excellent  road  will  carry  the  visitor  by  autostage  from  the  railway 
terminus  to  the  several  comfortable  hotels  and  camps,  most  of  which  are  so 
located  that  the  principal  scenic  points  on  the  south  side  may  be  easily  reached. 
Pedestrians  and  horseback  riders  also  follow  trails  through  the  gorgeous 
wild-flower  parks,  Paradise  Valley,  Indian  Henrys  Hunting  Ground,  Van 
Trump  Park,  Cowlitz  Park,  Ohanapecosh  River  and  its  hot  springs,  Summer- 
land,  Grand  Park,  Moraine  Park,  Elysian  Fields,  Spray  Park,  Natural  Bridge, 
Cataract  Basin,  St.  Andrews  Park,  Glacier  Basin,  and  others;  developing  new 
points  of  view  of  wonderful  glory. 


NATIONAL  PARK  INN 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 


Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


AREA 

NATIONAL  PARK         TOPATTOV            iu 
and  Date                     L°CA                     square 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

miles 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES-     Middle 

Ij2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —  Many  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  — 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872 

western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes—  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls—  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 

Middle 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890 

eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA              Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890 

eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT     Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890                   California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER      West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 

Southern 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

Southern 

*y* 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties— 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 

Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906 

Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 

North 

i,  534      Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 

1910 

western 

250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 

Montana 

ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape—  Precipices  thousands  of 

feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

Northern 

398      Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  n,oooto  14,250 

i9J5 

Colorado                              feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 
1916 


LASSEN  VOLCANIC 
1916 


Hawaii 


Northern 
California 


MOUNT  McKixLEY  !  South 


1917 


central 
Alaska 


118  j  Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 
and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed — 
A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 
contains  many  cones. 

I24  Active  volcano  -Lassen  Peak,  10,437  feet  in  altitude — 
Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet— Hot  springs — Mud  geysers. 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America     Rises  higher  above 
surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 


National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 

ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD Tucson,  Ariz. 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY 22^  West  Jackson  Boulevard.  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange,  Chicago. 111. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co La  Salle  Street  Station,   Chicago,  111. 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co Equitable  Building,    Denver,  Colo. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY Galveston,  Tex. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD Central  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis, Mo. 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  .     .     .     .     Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago.  111. 

WABASH  RAILWAY Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY Mills   Building,  San   Francisco ,  Cal. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


WASHINGTON  :  GOVERXMEXT  I'HIXTIXG  OFFICE  :  1917 


CRATER 
LAKE 


NATIONAL  PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,  Secretary 


NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

LOOKING  INTO  ITS  VAST  DEPTHS  Is  LIKE  LOOKING  INTO  THE   LIMITLESS   SKY 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Sen-ice 

THE   PHANTOM   SHIP — STRANDED  ON  A  MAGIC  SHORE 


THE  LAKE  OF  MYSTERY 


RATER  lyAKK  is  the  deepest  and  the  bluest  fresh-water  lake  in 
the  world.  It  measures  two  thousand  feet  of  solid  water,  and  the 
intensity  of  its  color  is  unbelievable  even  while  you  look  at  it. 
Its  cliffs  from  sky  line  to  surface  average  over  a  thousand  feet  high. 
It  has  no  visible  inlet  or  outlet,  for  it  occupies  the  hole  left  when,  in  the  dim 
ages  before  man,  a  volcano  collapsed  and  disappeared  within  itself. 

It  is  a  gem  of  wonderful  color  in  a  setting  of  pearly  lavas  relieved  by  patches 
of  pine  green  and  snow  white — a  gem  which  changes  hue  with  every  atmospheric 
change,  and  every  shift  of  light. 

There  are  crater  lakes  in  other  lands;  in  Italy,  for  instance,  in  Germany, 
India,  and  Hawaii.  The  one  lake  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States  is  by  far 
the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  one  of  the  most  distinguished  spots 
in  a  land  notable  for  the  nobility  and  distinction  of  its  scenery. 

Crater  Lake  lies  in  southern  Oregon.  The  volcano  whose  site,  it  has 
usurped  was  one  of  a  "noble  band  of  fire  mountains  which,  like  beacons,  once 
blazed  along  the  Pacific  Coast."  Because  of  its  unique  character  and  quite 
extraordinary  beauty  it  was  made  a  national  park  in  1902. 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

THE  SUN   PLAYS  WONDERFUL  TRICKS  WITH  LIGHTS  AND  SHADOWS 


"THE    SEA    OF    SILENCE" 


N 


EARLY  every  visitor  to  Crater  Lake,  even  the  most  prosaic, 
describes  it  as  mysterious.  To  those  who  have  not  seen  it,  the 
adjective  is  difficult  to  analyze,  but  the  fact  remains. 

The  explanation  may  lie  in  Crater  Lake's  remarkable  color 
scheme.  The  infinite  range  of  grays,  silvers,  and  pearls  in  the  carved  and 
fretted  lava  walls,  the  glinting  white  of  occasional  snow  patches,  the  olives 
and  pine  greens  of  woods  and  mosses,  the  vivid,  cloud-flecked  azure  of  the 
sky,  and  the  lake's  thousand  shades  of  blue,  from  the  brilliant  turquoise  of  its 
edges  to  the  black  blue  of  its  depths  of  deepest  shadow,  strike  into  silence 
tlie  least  impressionable  observers.  "The  Sea  of  Silence,"  Joaquin  Miller 
calls  Crater  Lake. 

With  changing  conditions  of  sun  and  air,  this  amazing  spectacle  changes 
key  with  the  passing  hours;  and  it  is  hard  to  say  which  is  its  most  rapturous 
condition  of  beauty,  that  of  cloudless  sunshine  or  that  of  twilight  shadow; 
or  of  what  intermediate  degree,  or  of  storm  or  of  shower  or  of  moonlight  or 
of  starlight.  At  times  the  scene  changes  magically  while  you  watch. 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Sen-ice 

PLAYING  A  THREE-POUND  TROUT  FROM  THE   ROCKY  SHORE 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiscr,  Portlaiid,  Oregon 

A   POEM   IN   GRAYS  AND  GREENS  AND   UNBELIEVABLE   BLUES 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Riser,  Portland,  Oregon 

CLIFFS  OF  A  THOUSAND   PEARLY  HUES   FANTASTICALLY  CARVED 


h-) 

w 
M 
H 

fc, 

O 

Q 
2 

w 

w 
E 

H 


o 

Brf 
U 
< 

w 

s 

o 

U 
U! 


Mt  Mazama. 


STORY  OF  MOUNT  MAZAMA 

EW  of  the  astonishing  pictures  which  geology  has  restored  for  us 
of  this  world  in  its  making  are  so  startling  as  that  of  Mount 
Mazama,  which  once  reared  a  smoking  peak  many  thousands  of 
feet  above  the  present  peaceful  level  of  Crater  Lake.  There 
were  many  noble  volcanoes  in  the  range:  Mount  Baker,  Mount  Rainier, 
Mount  Adams,  Mount  St.  Helens,  Lassen  Peak,  Mount  Mazama,  Mount 
Hood,  Mount  Shasta.  Once  their  vomitings  built  the  great  Cascade  Moun 
tains.  To-day,  cold  and  silent,  they  stand  wrapped  in  shining  armor  of  ice. 

But  not  all.  One  is  missing.  Where  Mount  Mazama  reared  his  noble 
head,  there  is  nothing — until  you  climb  the  slopes  once  his  foothills,  and  gaze 
spellbound  over  the  broken  lava  cliffs  into  the  lake  which  lies  magically  where 
once  he  stood.  The  story  of  the  undoing  of  Mount  Mazama,  of  the  birth  of 
this  wonder  lake,  is  one  of  the  great  stories  of  the  earth. 

Mount  Mazama  fell  into  itself.  It  is  as  if  some  vast  cavern  formed  in 
the  earth's  seething  interior  into  which  the  entire  volcano  suddenly  slipped. 
The  imagination  of  Dore  might  have  reproduced  some  hint  of  the  titanic 
spectacle  of  the  disappearance  of  a  mountain  fifteen  thousand  feet  in  height. 

When  Mount  Mazama  collapsed  into  this  vast  hole,  leaving  clean  cut  the 
edges  which  to-day  are  Crater  Lake's  surrounding  cliffs,  there  was  instantly 
a  surging  back.  The  crumbling  lavas  were  forced  again  up  the  huge  chimney. 

But  not  all  the  way.  The  vent  became  jammed.  In  three  spots  only  did 
the  fires  emerge  again.  Three  small  volcanoes  formed  in  the  hollow. 

But  these  in  turn  soon  choked  and  cooled.  During  succeeding  ages 
springs  poured  their  waters  into  the  vast  cavity,  and  Crater  Lake  was  born. 
Its  rising  waters  covered  two  of  the  small  volcanic  cones.  The  third  still 


emerges.     It  is  called  Wizard  Island. 


Llao  Rock 


Scott  PU. 


54^90  — CL— 17- 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 


SUNSET 


THE  LEGEND  OF   LLAO 


CCORDING    to    the    legend    of    the    Klamath    and    Modoc    Indians 
the  mystic  land  of  Gay  was  was  the  home  of  the  great  god  Llao. 
His   throne   in   the   infinite    depths   of   the   blue   waters   was   sur 
rounded   by   his  warriors,  giant  crawfish   able   to   lift  great  claws 
out  of  the  water  and  seize  too  venturesome  enemies  on  the  cliff  tops. 

War  broke  out  with  Skell,  the  god  of  the  neighboring  Klamath  Marshes. 
Skell  was  killed  and  his  heart  used  for  a  ball  by  Llao's  monsters.  But  an 
eagle,  one  of  Skell's  servants,  captured  it  in  flight,  and  escaped  with  it;  and 
Skell's  body  grew  again  around  his  living  heart.  Once  more  he  was  powerful, 
and  once  more  he  waged  war  against  the  God  of  the  Lake. 

Then  lylao  was  captured;  but  he  was  not  so  fortunate.  Upon  the  highest 
cliff  his  body  was  torn  into  fragments  and  cast  into  the  lake,  and  eaten  by 
his  own  monsters  under  the  belief  that  it  was  Skell's  body.  But  when  IJao's 
head  was  thrown  in,  the  monsters  recognized  it,  and  would  not  eat  it. 

Llao's  head  still  lies  in  the  lake,  and  white  men  call  it  Wizard  Island. 
And  the  cliff  where  lylao  was  torn  to  pieces  is  named  lylao  Rock, 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Ktscr,  Portland,  Oregon, 

OFTEN  THE  TREKS  ARE   AS  GNARLED  AND  KNOTTED  AS  THE  CLIFFS  THEY  GROW  ON 


Photograph  by  U .  S.  Reclamation  Service 

GENERAL  VIEW  ACROSS  CRATER  LAKE   NEAR  SENTINEL   ROCK,  SHOWI: 
These  cliffs  vary  from  a  thousand  to  twelve  hundred  feet  high,  occasionally  rising  to  two  thousand  feet 


•IE  NORTHERN  SHORE  LINE,  WITH   RED  CONE   IN  THE   MIDDLE   DISTANCE 

ore.     The  first  effect  of  a  view  across  the  lake  is  to  fill  the  observer  with  awe  and  a  deep  sense  c    mysten 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

LOOKING  DOWN  INTO  THE  CRATER  OF  WIZARD  ISLAND 


VIEWED    FROM    THE    RIM 

EVERAIy  days  may  profitably  be  spent  upon  the  rim  of  the  lake, 
which  one  may  travel  afoot  or  on  horseback.  The  endless  variety 
of  lava  formations  and  of  color  variation  may  be  here  studied  to 
the  best  advantage. 
The  temperature  of  the  water  has  been  the.  subject  of  much  investigation. 
The  average  observations  of  years  show  that,  whatever  may  be  the  surface 
variations,  the  temperature  of  the  water  below  a  depth  of  three  hundred  feet 
continues  approximately  39  degrees  the  year  around.  This  disposes  of  the 
theory  that  the  depths  of  the  lake  are  affected  by  volcanic  heat. 

"Apart  from  its  attractive  scenic  features,"  writes  J.  S.  Diller  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  "Crater  Lake  affords  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  instructive  fields  for  the  study  of  volcanic  geology  to  be  found  anywhere 
in  the  world.  Considered  in  all  its  aspects,  it  ranks  with  the  Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Colorado,  the  Yosemitc  Valley,  and  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  but  with  an 
individuality  that  is  super! ative." 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

SAND  CREEK,   SHOWING   PINNACLES   RESULTING   FROM   EROSION 


I5CU 


o 


8    O 
' 


•  2    U- 


--;  °* 
o   w 

Is 

"a    vj 


THE    MINE  OF  BEAUTY 


Photograph  by  Fred  II.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

TROUT  RUN  FROM  ONE  TO  Six  POUNDS 

18  CL 


RATER  LAKE  is  seen 
in  its  glory  from  a 
launch.  One  may  float 
for  days  upon  its  sur 
face  without  sating  one's  sense  of 
delighted  surprise;  for  all  is  new 
again  with  every  change  of  light. 
The  Phantom  Ship,  for  instance, 
sometimes  wholly  disappears. 
Now  it  is  there,  and  a  few  minutes 
after,  with  new  slants  of  light,  it 
is  gone — a  phantom  indeed.  So 
it  is  with  many  headlands  and 
ghostlike  palisades. 

This  lake  was  not  discovered 
until  1853.  Eleven  Calif ornians 
had  undertaken  once  more  the 
search  for  the  famous,  perhaps 
fabulous,  Lost  Cabin  Mine.  For 
many  years  parties  had  been 
searching  the  Cascades ;  again  they 
had  come  into  the  Rogue  River 
region.  With  all  their  secrecy 
their  object  became  known,  and 
a  party  of  Oregonians  was  hastily 
organized  to  stalk  them  and  share 
their  find.  The  Californians  dis 
covered  the  pursuit  and  divided 
their  party.  The  Oregonians  did 
the  same.  It  became  a  game  of 
hide-and-seek.  When  provisions 
were  nearly  exhausted  all  the  par 
ties  joined  forces. 

' '  Suddenly  we  came  in  sight 
of  water,"  writes  J.  W.  Hillman, 
then  the  leader  of  the  combined 
party;  "we  were  much  surprised, 
as  we  did  not  expect  to  see  any 
lakes  and  did  not  know  but  that 
we  had  come  in  sight  of  and  close 
to  Klamath  Lake.  Not  until  my 


•I 

Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

THE   FAVORITE  WAY  TO   SEE  THE   SCULPTURED  CLIFFS   Is   FROM  A 


MOTOR   BOAT 


mule  stopped  within  a  few  feet  of  the  rim  of  Crater  Lake  did  I  look  down, 
and  if  I  had  been  riding  a  blind  mule  I  firmly  believe  I  would  have  ridden  over 
the  edge  to  death." 

It  is  interesting  that  the  discoverers  quarreled  on  the  choice  of  a  name, 
dividing  between  Mysterious  Lake  and  Deep  Blue  Lake.  The  advocates  of  Deep 
Blue  Lake  won  the  vote,  but  in  1869  a  visiting  party  from  Jacksonville  renamed 
it  Crater  Lake,  and  this,  by  natural  right,  became  its  title. 

HOTELS  AND  CAMPS 

Partly  because  it  is  off  the  main  line  of  travel,  but  chiefly  because  its 
unique  attractions  are  not  yet  well  known,  Crater  Lake  has  been  seen  by  com 
paratively  few.  Under  concession  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  a  com 
fortable  camp  is  operated  five  miles  from  the  lake  and  a  newly  completed  hotel 
and  camp  on  the  lake's  rim.  Equipments  for  camping  may  be  hired. 


HARD    FIGHTING   TROUT 

HIS    magnificent    body    of    cold   fresh   water    originally    contained 
no  fish  of  any  kind.    A  small  crustacean  was  found  in  large  num 
bers  in  its  waters,  the  suggestion,  no  doubt,  upon  which  was  founded 
the  Indian  legend  of  the  gigantic  crawfish  which  formed  the  body 
guard  of  the  great  god  Llao. 

In  1888  Will  G.  Steel  brought  trout  fry  from  a  ranch  fifty  miles  away, 

but  no  fish  were  seen  in 
the  lake  for  more  than 
a  dozen  years.  Then  a 
few  were  taken,  one  of 
which  was  fully  thirty 
inches  long. 

Since  then  trout  have 
been  taken  in  ever- 
increasing  numbers. 
They  are  best  caught 
by  fly  casting  from  the 
shore.  For  this  reason 
the  fishing  is  not  always 
the  easiest.  Often  the 
slopes  are  not  propitious 
for  casting.  One  has 
to  climb  upon  outlying 
rocks  to  reach  the 
waters  of  best  depth. 
But  the  results  usually 
justify  the  effort.  The 
trout  range  from  one  to 
ten  pounds  in  weight. 
Anglers  of  experience  in 
western  fishing  testify 
that,  pound  for  pound, 
the  rainbow  trout  taken 
in  the  cold  deep  waters 
of  Crater  Lake  are  the 
hardest-fighting  trout 
of  all. 

Many  fish  are  also 
taken  from  rowboats. 
A  trolling  spoon  will 

Photograph  by  II.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

CAMPING  OUT   BACK  OF  THK  RIM  often  lure  lar^e  fish. 


Photograph  by  U,  S.  Reclamation  Service 

AT    THE     FOOT    OF    THE    TRAIL    FROM    CRATER    LAKE     LODGE 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

ACROSS  THE   LAKE   FROM  THE   RIM   ROAD 


CRATER  LAKE   LODGE   ON  THE   RIM,   1,000   FEET  ABOVE  THE   LAKE 

The  lounge  occupies  the  entire  ground  floor  of  the  center  segment  of  the  building,  is  40  by  60  feet,  without 
a  pillar  or  post,  and  contains  what  is  said  to  be  the  largest  fireplace  in  the  State  of  Oregon 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


AREA 

NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

in 
square- 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

miles 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES 

Middle 

Ij2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —Many  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  — 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all   rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872 

western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 

Middle 

i,  I25 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890 

eastern 

tas—Waterfalls  of  extraordinary'  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 

Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890 

eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT 

Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  3=5 

1890 

California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 

West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 

Southern 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

Southern 

i# 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 

Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906 

Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 

North 

!,  534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 

1910 

western 

250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 

Montana 

ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 

feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

Northern 

398 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  n,oooto  14,250 

I9I5 

Colorado 

feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 

Hawaii 

118 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 

1916 

and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed  —  • 

A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 

Northern 

124 

Active  volcano  —Lassen    Peak,    10,437  ^eet    'in  altitude  — 

1916 

California 

Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet  —  Hot  springs  —  Mud  geysers. 

MOUNT  McKiNLEY 

South 

2,  200 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  —  Rises  higher  above 

1917 

central 

surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

Alaska 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 


Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 
.Large  natural  cavern. 
.Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  vStates.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 


ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co  ... 
CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  vS'r.  PAUL  RAILWAY  .  .  .  . 
CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co  .  . 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY Railroad  Bu 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY Railroad 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  . 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM Garland 

WAHASH  RAILWAY 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    . 


Buildi 
Bui'ldi 


Tucson,  Ariz. 

.     .     .  1 1 19  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

.  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Railway  Exchange,  Chicago. 111. 

.     .     .  La  Salle  Street  Station,   Chicago,  111. 

.  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver  Colo. 

.     .     .    Equitable   Building,    Denver.  Colo. 

Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

Galveston,  Tex. 

Central  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis, Mo. 

ig.  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

.     .     Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

ng,  sS  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

.     .     .     Mills  Building,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  arc  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OE  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

24  WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  1'UINTING  OFFICE  ;  1917 


THE 


MESA  VERDE 

NATIONAL    PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,  Secretary 


NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


Photograph  by  G.  M.  Can 

GOVERNMENT  ROAD  TO  THE   CELEBRATED  PREHISTORIC  RUINS 
Showing    the   woods   which    justify   the    title   Mesa   Verde    (Green    Mesa) 


Photograph  by  F,  C.  Jeep 


AND  TO-DAY 


CITIES  OF  THE  PAST 

NE  December  day  in  1888  Richard  and  Alfred  Wetherell,  searching 
for  lost  cattle  on  the  Mesa  Verde  near  their  home  at  Mancos, 
Colorado,  pushed  through  dense  growths  on  the  edge  of  a  deep 
canyon  and  shouted  aloud  in  astonishment.  Across  the  canyon, 
tucked  into  a  shelf  under  the  overhanging  edge  of  the  opposite  brink,  were  the 
walls  and  towers  of  what  seemed  to  them  a  palace.  They  named  it  Cliff  Palace. 
Forgetting  the  cattle  in  their  excitement,  they  searched  the  edge  of  the 
mesa  in  all  directions.  Near  by,  under  the  overhanging  edge  of  another  canyon, 
they  found  a  similar  group,  no  less  majestic,  which  they  named  Spruce  Tree 
House  because  a  large  spruce  grew  out  of  the  ruins. 

Thus  was  discovered  the  most  elaborate  and  best-preserved  prehistoric 
ruins  in  America,  if  not  in  the  world. 

A  careful  search  of  the  entire  Mesa  Verde  in  the  years  following  has  resulted 
in  many  other  finds  of  interest  and  importance.  In  1906  Congress  set  aside 
the  region  as  a  national  park.  Even  yet  its  treasures  of  antiquity  are  not  all 
known.  A  remarkable  temple  to  the  sun  was  unearthed  in  1915. 


IT 


I       ffi 

I  H 


V 


,'f 


*» 


M 


.: 

f  -. 


Photograph  by  Dr.  Hargrove 

THE  EXPLORATION   OF  NEWLY  DISCOVERKD   RUINS  OFTKN   REQUIRES   MUCH   HARD  AND 

EVEN   PERILOUS  CLIMBING 


1 


•  LVfli 


Photograph  by  Mrs.  C,  R.  Miller 

MANY  GATHERED  NIGHTLY  AROUND  THE  CAMP  FIRE  TO  HEAR  DR.  FEWKES  TELL  THE 

STORY  OF  THE  ANCIENT  PEOPLE 

THE  STORY  OF   THE   MESAS 

HOSE  who  have  traveled  through  our  Southwestern  States  have 
seen  from  the  car  window  innumerable  mesas  or  isolated  plateaus 
rising  abruptly  for  hundreds  of  feet  from  the  bare  and  often  arid 
plains.  The  word  mesa  is  Spanish  for  table. 
Once  the  level  of  these  mesa  tops  was  the  level  of  all  of  this  vast  South 
western  country,  but  the  rains  and  floods  of  centuries  have  washed  away  the 
softer  earths  down  to  its  present  level,  leaving  standing  only  the  rocky  spots 
or  those  so  covered  with  surface  rocks  that  the  rains  could  not  reach  the  softer 
gravel  underneath. 

The  Mesa  Verde,  or  green  mesa  (because  it  is  covered  with  stunted  cedar 
and  pinyon  trees  in  a  land  where  trees  are  few),  is  perhaps  most  widely  known. 
The  Mesa  Verde  is  one  of  the  largest  mesas.     It  is  fifteen  miles  long  and 
eight  miles  wide.     At  its  foot  are  masses  of  broken  rocks  rising  from  three  hun 
dred  to  five  hundred  feet  above  the  bare  plains.     Above  these  rise  the  cliffs. 
The  cliff  dwellings  nestle  under  its  overhanging  cliffs  near  the  top. 


IN    THE    CLIFF    DWELLINGS 

IFE  must  have  been  difficult  in  this  dry  country  when  the  Mesa 
Verde  communities  flourished  in  the  sides  of  these  sandstone  cliffs. 
Game  was  scarce  and  hunting  arduous.  The  Mancos  River  yielded 
a  few  fish.  The  earth  contributed  berries  or  nuts.  Water  was 
rare  and  found  only  in  sequestered  places  near  the  heads  of  the  canyons. 
Nevertheless,  the  inhabitants  cultivated  their  farms  and  raised  their  corn, 
which  they  ground  on  flat  stones  called  metates.  They  baked  their  bread  on 
flat  stone  griddles.  They  boiled  their  meat  in  well-made  vessels,  some  of  which 
were  artistically  decorated. 

Their  life  was  difficult,  but  confidently  did  they  believe  that  they  were 
dependent  upon  the  gods  to  make  the  rain  fall  and  the  corn  grow.  They 
were  a  religious  people  who  worshipped  the  sun  as  the  father  of  all  and  the 
earth  as  the  mother  who  brought  them  all  their  material  blessings.  They  pos 
sessed  no  written  language  and  could  only  record  their  thoughts  by  a  few  sym 
bols  which  they  painted  on  their  earthenware  jars  or  scratched  on  the  rocks. 

As  their  sense  of  beauty  was  keen,  their  art,  though  primitive,  was  true; 
rarely  realistic,  generally  symbolic.  Their  decoration  of  cotton  fabrics  and 
ceramic  work  might  be  called  beautiful,  even  when  judged  by  the  highly  devel 
oped  taste  of  to-day.  They  fashioned  axes,  spear  points,  and  rude  tools  of 
stone;  they  wove  sandals  and  made  attractive  basketry. 

They  were  not  content  with  rude  buildings  and  had  long  outgrown  the 
caves  that  satisfied  less  civilized  Indians  farther  north  and  south  of  them. 

The  photographs  of  Cliff  Palace  on  the  following  three  pages  will  show  not 
only  the  protection  afforded  by  the  overhanging  cliffs  but  the  general  scheme 
of  community  living. 

The  population  was  composed  of  a  series  of  units,  possibly  clans,  each  of 
which  had  its  own  social  organization  more  or  less  distinct  from  the  others. 
Each  had  ceremonial  rooms,  called  kivas.  Each  also  had  living  rooms  and 
storerooms.  There  were  twenty-three  social  units  or  clans  in  Cliff  Palace. 

The  kivas  were  the  rooms  where  the  men  spent  most  of  the  time  devoted 
to  ceremonies,  councils,  and  other  gatherings.  The  religious  fraternities  were 
limited  to  the  men  of  a  clan. 


CLIFF  PALACE  Is  THE  MOST  CELEBRATED  OF  THE    MESA  VERDE    RUINS   BECAUSE  IT  Is  THE 

LARGEST  AND  MOST  PROMINENT 

.".4590  °—  M  V—  1 7 2  9  M  v 


Pho/oaraph  by  (jco.  L.  Beam,  Denier,  Colo. 

LOOKING  ACROSS  CLIFF  CANYON  FROM  CI.IFF  PALACE;    SUN  TEMPLE  ON    EXTREME    RIGHT    IN 

DISTANCE  ON  TOP  OF  CLIFF 


Photograph  by  Arthur  Chapman 


THE  SQUARE  TOWER  OF  CLIFF  PALACE 


Photograph  by  Arthur  Chapman 


SPEAKER  CHIEF'S  HOUSE,  CLIFF  PALACE 


N 


Photograph  by  Geo.  L.  Beam,  Dinitr,  Lolo. 

THE  SUN  TEMPLE,  LOOKING  NORTHEAST.     SHOWING  AT  LEFT  THE  TRUNK  I 


DAR  TREE  WITH  360  RINGS  WHICH  WAS  CUT  DOWN  DURING  EXCAVATION 


Photograph  by  F.  C.  Jeep 

CONSTRUCTIVE  DETAIL  OF  SOUTH  WALL,  SUN  TEMPLE 

DISCOVERY  OF   SUN  TEMPLE 

NTlIy  the  summer  of  1915  no  structures  had  been  discovered  in 
the  Mesa  Verde  except  those  of  the  cliff- dwelling  type.  Then  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  explored  a  mound  on  the  top  of  the 
mesa  opposite  Cliff  Palace  and  unearthed  Sun  Temple.  Dr.  J. 
Walter  Fewkes,  who  conducted  the  exploration,  believes  that  this  was  built 
about  1300  A.  D.  and  marks  the  final  stage  in  Mesa  Verde  development. 

Sun  Temple  was  a  most  important  discovery.  It  marked  a  long  advance 
toward  civilization.  It  occupied  a  commanding  position  convenient  to  many 
large  inhabited  cliff  dwellings.  Its  masonry  showed  growth  in  the  art  of  con 
struction.  Its  walls  were  embellished  by  geometrical  figures  carved  in  rock. 

A  fossil  palm  leaf,  which  the  Cliff  Dwellers  supposed  to  be  a  divinely 
carved  image  of  the  sun,  is  embedded  in  the  temple's  walls. 


DRAWING  SHOWING  CONSTRUCTIVE  DETAIL  OF  SUN  TEMPLE 


# 


/:\ 


^ 


**1*^"1-'Z> 


^1 


Photograph  by  T.  G.  Lemmon 

STONES  FROM  SUN  TEMPLE  COVERED  WITH  GEOMETRICAL  AND  EMBLEMATICAL  DESIGNS 


THE  MESA'S  LITTLE   PEOPLE 

NDIANS  of  to-day  shun  the  ruins  of  the  Mesa  Yerde.     They  be 
lieve  them  inhabited  by  spirits  whom  they  call  the  Little  People. 
It  is  vain  to  tell  them  that  the  Little  People  were  their  own  an 
cestors;  they  refuse  to  believe  it. 
When  the  national  park  telephone  line  was  building  in  1915  the  Indians 
were  greatly  excited.     Coming  to  the  Supervisor's  office  to  trade,  they  shook 
their  heads  ominously. 

The  poles  wouldn't  stand  up,  they  declared.  Why?  Because  the  Little 
People  wouldn't  like  such  an  uncanny  thing  as  a  telephone. 

But  poles  were  standing,  the  Supervisor  pointed  out.  All  right,  the  Indians 
replied,  but  wait.  The  wires  wouldn't  talk.  Little  People  wouldn't  like  it. 

The  poles  were  finally  all  in  and  the  wires  strung.  What  was  more,  the 
wires  actually  did  talk  and  are  still  talking. 

Never  mind,  say  the  Indians,  with  unshaken  faith.  Never  mind.  Wait. 
That's  all.  It  will  come.  The  Little  People  may  stand  it — for  a  while.  But 
wait.  The  Supervisor  is  still  waiting. 


SPRUCE  TREE  HOUSE  HIDES  UNDER  A  HUGE  OVERHANGING  CLIFF 

THE  PRINCIPAL  DWELLINGS 

LIFF  PALACE  is  the  most  celebrated  of  the  Mesa  Verde  ruins 
because  it  is  the  largest  and  most  prominent.  Others  are  no  less 
interesting  and  important.  Spruce  Tree  House  is  next  in  size; 
Balcony  House  and  Peabody  House  are  equally  well  preserved. 
There  are  many  others;  some  of  which  have  yet  to  be  thoroughly  explored; 
probably  some  still  undiscovered. 

Cliff  Palace  is  three  hundred  feet  long;  Spruce  Tree  House  two  hundred  and 
sixteen.  Cliff  Palace  contained  probably  two  hundred  rooms;  Spruce  Tree 
House  a  hundred  and  fourteen.  Spruce  Tree  House  originally  had  three  stories. 
Its  population  was  probably  three  hundred  and  fifty. 

The  Round  Tower  in  Cliff  Palace  is  an  object  of  unusual  interest,  but  the 
ceremonial  kivas,  or  religious  rooms,  in  all  the  communities  are  usually  round 
and  often  were  entered  from  below. 

A  subterranean  entrance  to  Cliff  Palace  was  recently  discovered. 


L 


ENTRANCE  TO  LOWER  FLOORS,  SPRUCE  TREE  HOUSE 


Photograph  by  Arthur  Chapman 

SPRUCE  TREE  HOUSE  AFTER  RESTORATION  BY  DR.  FEVVKES 


Photograph  by  Mrs.  C.  R   Miller 

PHOTOGRAPHING  ONE  OF  THE  ROOMS  AT  BALCONY  HOUSE 

I  8  MV 


I'hi'tographs  by  J .  L.  Nusbaum 

TYPICAL  SKULLS  OF  PREHISTORIC  MAN  FOUND  IN  THE  MESA  VERDE 

These  skulls  show  an  unusual  breadth  as  compared  with  Indians  of  to-day,  though  of  the  same  ethno 
logical  type.  Nordenskiold  concludes  that  the  race  was  fairly  robust,  with  heavy  skeletons  and 
strong  muscular  processes.  The  facial  bones  are  well  developed  and  lower  jaw  heavy 

SUMMER  UPON  MESA  VERDE 


ESA  VERDE  NATIONAL  PARK  is  in  the  extreme  southwestern 

M  corner  of  Colorado  and  is  reached  by  two  routes  from  Denver.  A 
night  is  usually  spent  en  route,  and  the  ruins  are  reached  by 
wagon,  horseback,  or  automobile  from  Mancos. 
Apart  from  the  ruins,  the  country  is  one  of  much  beauty  and  interest.  The 
highest  spot  on  the  mesa  is  Park  Point,  8,515  feet  in  altitude.  The  mesa's 
northern  edge  is  a  fine  bluff  two  thousand  feet  above  the  Montezuma  Valley, 
whose  irrigation  lakes  and  brilliantly  green  fields  are  set  off  nobly  against  the 
distant  Rico  Mountains.  To  the  west  are  the  La  Salle  and  Blue  Mountains 
in  Utah,  with  Ute  Mountain  in  the  immediate  foreground. 

The  views  are  inspiring,  the  entire  country  "different."  In  the  spring  the  en 
tire  region  blooms.  It  used  to  be  a  country  of  wild  animals  and  at  times  deer  are 
still  plentiful.  There  is  a  fairly  comfortable  camp  near  Spruce  Tree  House. 

An  unusual  attraction  of  the  summer  of  1915  was  the  unearthing  of  the 
great  mound  which  covered  Sun  Temple.  Dr.  Fewkes  maintained  a  camp  near 
the  mound  and  lectured  almost  nightly  to  those  who  gathered  around  his  camp 
lire.  The  same  informal  custom  wrill  probably  be  resumed  during  succeeding 
summers  while  the  exploration  of  other  suggestive  mounds  is  progressing. 


THE  INTERIOR  OF  A  SACRED  KIVA 


STONE  CHAIRS  FOUND  AT  THE  CLIFF  PALACE 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


AREA 

NATIONAL  PARK         LOCATION 
and  Date 

in 
square 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

miles 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES-     Middle                 \y2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  -Many  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  — 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872 

western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  —  • 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 

Middle 

I,  125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890 

eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 

Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890                  eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT    j  Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890                   California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 

West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 

Southern 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

1904 

Southern 
Oklahoma 

iK 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 
Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 
1906 

Southern 
Colorado 

*      77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 
in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 
1910 

North 
western 
Montana 

i,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character— 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 
ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 
feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 
191S 

Northern 
Colorado 

398 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  n,oooto  14,250 
feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 
1916 

Hawaii 

118 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 
and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed  —  • 
A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 
1916 

Northern 
California 

124 

Active  volcano  —  Lassen  Peak,  10,437  f£et  in  altitude  — 
Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet  —  Hot  springs  —  Mud  geysers. 

MOUNT  McKixLEY 

1917 

South 
central 
Alaska 

2,  200 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  —  Rises  higher  above 
surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 


ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  .  . 
CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY  .  .  . 
CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUIXCY  RAILROAD  Co 
CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY  . 
CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  . 
ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD    .... 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY 

SAN  PEDRO.  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD 
SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co 


Tucson,  Ariz. 

1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago.  111. 
226  West  Jackson  Boulevard.  Chicago,  111. 
547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago.  111. 
Railway  Exchange.  Chicago  ,  111. 
La  Salle  Street  Station,   Chicago,  111. 
Railway  Exchange  Building,   Denver,  Colo. 
...........    Equitable  Building,    Denver.  Colo. 

Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
..................     Galveston,  Tex. 

.............    Central  Station.   Chicago,  111. 

Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
.     Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 
Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 


UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM    •    • 
WABASH  RAILWAY    .     .     . 
WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 


Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street.  Chicago.  111. 

Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

.     .     Mills   Building,  San   Francisco  .  Cal. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  1'RINTING  OFFICE  :  1917 


GLACIER 

NATIONAL 
PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,  Secretary 


NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


Photograph  by  Fred  II.  Kiscr.  P>irtlanJ ,  Orctjtni 

THE  SUPREME  GLORY  OF  THE  GLACIER  NATIONAL  PARK  Is  ITS  LAKES 
A  glimpse  of  beautiful  St.  Alary  Lake  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Mountain 


Photograph  by  LJ .  S.  Reclamation  Service 

ST.  MARY  CHALET,  TYPICAL  OF  GLACIER  ARCHITECTURE 


AN  ALPINE  PARADISE 


OTWITHSTANDING  the  sixty  glaciers  from  which  it  derives  its 
name,  the  Glacier  National  Park  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  pic 
turesquely    modeled    peaks,    the    unique    quality    of    its    mountain 
masses,   its   gigantic  precipices,    and   the  romantic   loveliness  of  its 
two  hundred  and  fifty  lakes. 

Though  most  of  our  national  parks  possess  similar  general  features  in  addi 
tion  to  those  which  sharply  differentiate  each  from  every  other,  the  Glacier 
National  Park  shows  them  in  special  abundance  and  unusually  happy  combina 
tion.  In  fact,  it  is  the  quite  extraordinary,  almost  sensational,  massing  of  these 
scenic  elements  which  gives  it  its  marked  individuality. 

The  broken  and  diversified  character  of  this  scenery,  involving  rugged 
mountain  tops  bounded  by  vertical  walls  sometimes  more  than  four  thousand 
feet  high,  glaciers  perched  upon  lofty  rocky  shelves,  unexpected  waterfalls  of 
peculiar  charm,  rivers  of  milky  glacier  water,  lakes  unexcelled  for  sheer  beauty 
by  the  most  celebrated  of  sunny  Italy  and  snow- topped  Switzerland,  and  grandly 
timbered  slopes  sweeping  into  valley  bottoms,  offer  a  continuous  yet  ever 
changing  series  of  inspiring  vistas  not  to  be  found  in  such  luxuriance  and  per 
fection  elsewhere. 

And  this  rare  scenic  combination  is  not  alone  of  one  valley  of  the  park,  but 
is  characteristic  of  them  all ;  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  single  out  any  part  of  these 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Urc^'it 

CLIMBING  THE  UPPER  REACHES  OF  THE  BLACKFEET  GLACIER 

iifleen  hundred  square  miles  that  is  more  beautiful,  more  remarkable,  or  more 
strikingly  diversified  than  any  other. 

The  Glacier  National  Park  lies  in  northwestern  Montana,  abutting  the 
Canadian  boundary.  It  incloses  the  Continental  Divide  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
at  that  point;  in  fact,  from  one  spot,  known  as  the  Triple  Divide,  waters  flow 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Hudson  Bay,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

It  is  interesting  that  Glacier's  peculiarly  rugged  topography  is  practically 
limited  to  the  park's  boundaries.  To  the  north,  in  Canada,  the  mountains 
subside  into  low,  rounded  ridges.  To  the  south  and  west,  though  still  fine, 
they  lose  the  quality  of  majesty.  Easterly  lie  the  Plains. 

The  transcontinental  railway  traveler  skirts  the  park  without  hint  of  the 
supreme  beauty  so  near  at  hand.  But  let  him  stop  at  Glacier  Park  station  or 
at  Beltoii  and,  after  swift  rides  in  autostages,  see  something  of  the  beauties  of 
Lake  St.  Mary,  Lake  McDermott,  or  Lake  McDonald,  and  he  will  instantly 
understand  the  attractive  force  which  draws  thousands  across  the  continent, 
and  will  some  day  draw  thousands  across  the  seas,  to  stand  spellbound  before 
these  awe-inspiring  examples  of  nature's  noblest  handiwork. 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

You  SEEM  MENACED  BY  GLACIERS  AND  WATERFALLS  UPON  EVERY  SIDE 

Avalanche  Lake,  fed  from  the  Sperry  Glacier  above,  lies  in  a  cirque  whose  precipices  rise  thousands 

of  feet 


Photograph  by  National  Park  Service 

SWIFTCURRENT    PASS    ON    A    SNOWY    SEPTEMBER    AFTERNOON 


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Photograph  by  (George  V.  Dauchy 

THE  GUNSIGHT  TRAIL,  JUST  EAST  OF  THE   PASS  SHOWING  GUNSIGHT  LAKE;  GoiNG-TO-THE-SuN 

MOUNTAIN  IN  LEFT  DISTANCE 


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MAKING  A  NATIONAL  PARK 


OW  nature,  just  how  many  millions  of  years  ago  no  man  can  esti- 

Hmate,  made  the  Glacier  National  Park  is  a  stirring  story. 
Once  this  whole  region  was  covered  with  water,  probably  the 
sea.  The  earthy  sediments  deposited  by  this  water  hardened  into 
rocky  strata.  If  you  were  in  the  park  to-day  you  would  see  broad  horizontal 
streaks  of  variously  colored  rock  in  the  mountain  masses  thousands  of  feet 
above  you.  They  are  discernible  in  the  photographs  in  this  book.  They  are 
the  very  strata  that  the  waters  deposited  in  their  depths  in  those  far-away  ages. 
How  they  got  from  the  seas'  bottoms  to  the  mountains'  tops  is  the  story. 

According  to  one  fa 
mous  theory  of  creation, the 
earth  has  been  contracting 
through  unnumbered  cycles 
of  time.  Just  as  the  squeezed 
orange  bulges  in  places,  so 
this  region  was  forced  up 
ward  .  Then  it  cracked  and 
the  western  edge  was  thrust 
far  over  the  eastern  edge. 
The  edge  thus  thrust 
over  was  many  thousands 
of  feet  thick  and  disclosed 
all  the  geological  strata 
which  had  been  deposited 
at  that  time.  In  the  many 
centuries  of  centuries  since 
that  time  all  these  strata 
except  the  next  to  the  oldest 
in  the  earth's  history  have 
been  washed  away,  disclos 
ing  here  rocks  which  geolo 
gists  think  are  at  least  eighty 
millions  of  years  old. 

Under  this  incalculable 
pressure  from  its  sides  and 
below,  the  bottom  of  the 
sea  gradually  rose  and  be 
came  dry  land.  The  pressure 
continued,  and  the  earth's 
crust,  like  the  skin  of  the 
squeezed  orange,  bulged  in 
long  irregular  lines.  In  lime 
these  became  mountains. 

Photograph  by  Ellis  Prentice  Cole 

ICEBERG  LAKE  WHERE  FLOES  DRIFT  IN  AUGUST 


Photograph  by  L..  D,  Lindsley 

ONE  OF  THE  WILDEST  SPOTS  ON  EARTH  Is  PTARMIGAN  LAKE 

Then,  when  the  rocky  crust  could  no  longer  stand  the  strain,  it  cracked. 

Gradually  the  western  edge  of  this  great  crack  was  forced  upward  and  over 
the  eastern  edge.  This  relieved  the  internal  pressure  and  the  overlapping 
edge  settled  into  its  present  position.  Geologists  call  this  process  faulting. 

The  edge  thus  thrust  over  was  many  thousand  feet  thick.  It  disclosed  all 
the  geological  strata  of  the  earth  which  had  been  deposited  up  to  that  time. 
In  the  many  centuries  of  centuries  since,  all  these  strata  have  been  washed 
away,  except  the  very  oldest,  those  of  the  Algonkian  period,  which  geologists 
think  are  at  least  eighty  millions  of  years  old.  It  is  this  ancient  rock  which 
gives  the  Glacier  National  Park  its  individuality. 

Then  this  remaining  edge  of  rock  crumbled  into  peaks  and  precipices. 

Upon  these  the  rains  of  uncounted  centuries  of  centuries  since  have  fallen, 
and  the  ice  and  the  frost  and  the  rushing  waters  have  carved  them  into  the  area 
of  distinguished  beauty  which  is  to-day  the  American  Switzerland. 

To  picture  this  region,  imagine  a  chain  of  very  lofty  mountains  twisting 
about  like  a  worm,  spotted  with  snow  fields,  and  bearing  glistening  glaciers. 
Imagine  them  flanked  everywhere  by  lesser  peaks  and  tumbled  mountain 
masses  of  smaller  size  in  whose  hollows  lie  the  most  beautiful  lakes  you  have 
ever  dreamed  of. 


54590°— 0—17- 


I.  I 


l>!i,'l<>tirat>h  by  Fred  II.  Kiscr,  Portland,  Oregon 

IT  Is  THE  ROMANTIC,  ALMOST  SENSATIONAL  MASSING  OF  EXTRAORDINARY  SCENT 
Beautiful  St.  Mary  Lake  with  Going-to-the-Sun  Camp  in  the  fore*. 


XVIENTS  WHICH  GIVES  THK  GLACIER  NATIONAL  PARK  ITS  MARKED  INDIVIDUALITY 
an.     Citadel  Mountain  in  left  center,  Fusillade  Mountain  to  the  right 


ITS    LAKES    AND    VALLEYS 


^•^•r— ri  • ii m  '^mmi^vza 

Photograph  by  Fred  II.  Kiscr,  Portland,  Oregon 

140 


HE  supreme  glory  of  the 
Glacier  National  Park  is  its 
lakes.  The  world  has  none 
to  surpass,  perhaps  few  to 
equal  them.  Some  are  valley  gems 
grown  to  the  water's  edge  with  forests. 
Some  are  cradled  among  precipices. 
Some  float  ice  fields  in  midsummer. 

From  the  Continental  Divide  seven 
principal  valleys  drop  precipitously 
upon  the  east,  twelve  sweep  down  the 
longer  western  slopes.  Each  valley 
holds  between  its  feet  its  greater  lake 
to  which  are  tributary  many  smaller 
lakes  of  astonishing  wildness. 

On  the  east  side  St.  Mary  Lake  is 
destined  to  world- wide  celebrity,  but  so 
also  is  Lake  McDonald  on  the  west  side. 
These  are  the  largest  in  the  park. 

But  some,  perhaps  many,  of  the 
smaller  lakes  are  candidates  for  beauty's 
highest  honors.  Of  these,  Lake  McDer- 
mott  with  its  minaretted  peaks  stands 
first — perhaps  because  best  known,  for 
here  is  one  of  the  finest  hotels  in  any 
national  park  and  a  luxurious  camp. 

Upper  Two  Medicine  Lake  is  an 
other  east-side  candidate  widely  known 
because  of  its  accessibility,  while  far  to 
the  north  the  Belly  River  Valley,  diffi 
cult  to  reach  and  seldom  seen,  holds 
lakes,  fed  by  eighteen  glaciers,  which 
will  compare  with  Switzerland's  noblest. 

The  west-side  valleys  north  of  Mc 
Donald  constitute  a  little-known  wil 
derness  of  the  earth's  choicest  scenery, 
destined  to  future  appreciation. 

The  Continental  Divide  is  usually 
crossed  by  the  famous  Gunsight  Pass 
Trail,  which  skirts  giant  precipices  and 
develops  sensational  vistas  in  its  ser 
pentine  course. 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

BIRTH  OF  A  CLOUD  ON  THE  SIDE  OF  MOUNT  ROCKWELL,  Two  MEDICINE  LAKE 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

EARLY  MORNING  CLOUD  EFFECTS  AT  Two  MEDICINE  LAKE 
Romantic  Rismg-\\  oil  Mountain  is  seen  in  middle  distance 


PJiofotjraph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Scr-cice 

INTERIOR  OK  MANY  GLACIERS  HOTEL,  LAKE  MCDERMOTT 


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Photograph  by  L.  D.  Lindsley 


THE  END  OF  THE  DAY 


COMFORT  AMONG  GLACIERS 


SMALL  but  imposing  aggregate  of  the  scenery  of  the  Glacier 
National  Park  is  available  to  the  comfort-loving  traveler.  There 
are  two  entrances,  each  with  a  railroad  station.  The  visitor 
choosing  the  east  entrance,  at  Glacier  Park,  will  find  autostages 
to  Two  Medicine  Lake,  St.  Mary  Lake,  and  Lake  McDermott. 

At  the  railway  station  and  at  Lake  McDermott  are  elaborate  modern  hotels 
with  every  convenience.  At  Two  Medicine  Lake,  at  St.  Mary  and  Upper 
St.  Mary  Lakes,  at  Cut  Bank  Creek,  at  Lake  McDermott,  at  a  superb  point 
below  the  Sperry  Glacier,  and  at  Granite  Park  are  chalets  or  camps,  or  both, 
where  excellent  accommodations  may  be  had  at  modest  charges. 

The  visitor  choosing  the  west  entrance,  at  Belton,  will  find  camps  and 
chalets  there,  and  an  autostage  to  beautiful  Lake  McDonald,  where  there  is 
a  hotel  of  comfort  and  individuality. 

There  is  boat  service  on  Upper  St.  Mary  Lake  and  Lake  McDonald. 
But  if  the  enterprising  traveler  desires  to  know  this  wilderness  wonderland 
in  all  its  moods  and  phases,  he  must  equip  himself  for  the  rough  trail  and  the 
wayside  camp.     Thus  he  may  devote  weeks,  months,  summers  to  the  bene 
fiting  of  his  health  and  the  uplifting  of  his  soul. 


%f; 


Photograph  by  L.  D.  Lindsley 

THE  MOUNTAINEERS  ON  TOUR — WASH  DAY  AT  NYACK  LAKE 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

To    THE   VICTOR   BELONG  THE   SPOILS 
Mary  Roberts  Rinchart  lunching  after  a  morning's  trouting  on  Flatheacl  River 


Photograph  by  George  V.  Dauchy 

BEAUTIFUL  LAKE  MCDONALD,  LOOKING  NORTHEAST 
Mount  Cannon,  cloud  shrouded,  is  in  the  middle  distance;   Mount  Brown  on  the  right 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

THE  COMFORTABLE  HOTEL  NEAR  THE  HEAD  OF  LAKE  MCDONALD 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 


CLEARING  AFTER  THE  STORM 


PURCHASED   FROM    INDIANS 

NCE  this  region  was  the  favorite  hunting  ground  of  the  Blackfeet 
Indians,  whose  reservation  adjoins  it  on  the  east.  It  was  then 
practically  unknown  to  white  men.  In  1890  copper  was  found 
and  there  was  a  rush  of  prospectors.  To  open  it  for  mining  pur 
poses  Congress  bought  the  region  from  the  Indians  in  1896,  but  not  enough 
copper  was  found  to  pay  for  the  mining.  After  the  miners  left,  few  persons 
visited  it  but  big-game  hunters  until  1910,  when  it  was  made  a  national  park. 


j* 


Photograph  by  National  Park  Service 

MOUNT  OBERLIN  FROM  GRANITE   PARK,  SHOWING  THE  NOBLE  SOUTH  WALL  ON  A  CLOUDY  DAY 


CREATURES  OF  THE  WILD 


LACIER,  once  the 
favorite  hunting 
ground  of  the 
Blackfeet  and  now 
for  fifteen  years  strictly  pre 
served,  has  a  large  and  grow 
ing  population  of  creatures  of 
the  wild.  Its  rocks  and  preci 
pices  fit  it  especially  to  be  the 
home  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
sheep  and  the  mountain  goat. 
Both  of  these  large  and 
hardy  climbers  are  found  in 
Glacier  in  great  numbers. 
They  constitute  a  familiar 
sight  in  many  of  the  places 
most  frequented  by  tourists. 
Trout  fishing  is  particu 
larly  fine.  The  trout  are  of 
half  a  dozen  western  vari 
eties,  of  which  perhaps  the 
cutthroat  is  the  most  com 
mon.  In  Lake  St.  Mary  the 
Mackinaw  is  caught  up  to 
twenty  pounds  in  weight. 

So  widely  are  they  distrib 
uted  that  it  is  difficult  to 
name  lakes  of  special  fishing 
importance. 


Photograph  by  Fu-d  II,  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

SUMMIT  OF  APPISTOKI  MOUNTAIN 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 


Nti 


mber,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 
square 
miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES 

Middle 

1/2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —  Many  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  —  • 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 

1872 

western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls—  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 

Middle 

I,I25 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890 

eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Water  wheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 

Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890 

eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT 

Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890 

California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 

West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 

Southern 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

Southern 

T-/2 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 

Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906 

Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 

North 

x>534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 

1910 

western 

250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 

Montana 

ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 

feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

Northern 

398 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 

I9IS 

Colorado 

feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 

Hawaii 

118 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,   largest  in  the  world, 

1916 

and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed  —  > 

A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 

Northern 

124 

Active  volcano  —  Lassen    Peak,    10,437  fe£t   in  altitude  — 

1916 

California 

Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet  —  Hot  springs  —  Mud  geysers. 

MOUNT  McKiNLKY 

South 

2,  200 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  —  Rises  higher  above 

1917 

central 

surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

Alaska 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 

ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD  .......................     Tucson,  Ariz. 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  ..........   1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY    .........  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co  ......     547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY    ...........  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co    ........  La  Salle  Street  Station,   Chicago.  111. 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY    ...........  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co     ...........    Equitable   Building,    Denver,  Colo. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY    .....    Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  ................     ...     Galveston,  Tex. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD    ..................   Centril  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    .............    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAIL  WAY    ......     Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  ....     Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co    .................     Flood    Building,  San   Francisco,  Cal. 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM    ........     Garland  Building,  <;S  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago    111. 

WADASH  RAILWAY    ................    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    ...............     Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

24  WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  1'UINTING  OFFICE  :  1917 


THE 

ROCKY 
MOUNTAIN 


NATIONAL 
PARK 


Pfiotoaraph  by  Wisiuall  Brothers,  Denver 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN    K.    LANE,    Secretary 


NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


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Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

FALL  RIVER  ENTRANCE  TO  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  NATIONAL  PARK 


"TOP  OF  THE  WORLD" 

OR  many  years  the  Mecca  of  eastern  mountain  lovers  has  been  the 
Rockies.  For  many  years  the  name  has  summed  European  ideas 
of  American  mountain  grandeur.  Yet  it  was  not  until  1915  that 
a  particular  section  of  the  enormous  area  of  magnificent  and  diver 
sified  scenic  range  thus  designated  was  chosen  as  the  representative  of  the 
noblest  qualities  of  the  whole.  This  is  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park. 

And  it  is  splendidly  representative.  In  nobility,  in  calm  dignity }  in  the 
sheer  glory  of  stalwart  beauty,  there  is  no  mountain  group  to  excel  the  company 
of  snow-capped  veterans  of  all  the  ages  which  stands  at  everlasting  parade 
behind  its  grim,  helmeted  captain,  Longs  Peak. 

There  is  probably  no  other  scenic  neighborhood  of  the  first  order  which 
combines  mountain  outlines  so  bold  with  a  quality  of  beauty  so  intimate  and 
refined.  Just  to  live  in  the  valleys  in  the  eloquent  and  ever-changing  presence 
of  these  carved  and  tinted  peaks  is  itself  satisfaction.  But  to  climb  into  their 
embrace,  to  know  them  in  the  intimacy  of  their  bare  summits  and  their  flowered, 
glaciated  gorges,  is  to  turn  a  new  and  unforgettable  page  in  experience. 

The  park  straddles  the  Continental  Divide  at  a  point  of  supreme  magnificence. 
Its  eastern  gateway  is  beautiful  Estes  Park,  a  valley  village  of  many  hotels  from 
which  access  up  to  the  most  noble  heights  and  into  the  most  picturesque  recesses 
of  the  Rockies  is  easy  and  comfortable.  Its  western  entrance  is  Grand  Lake. 


THE  KING  AND  HIS  KINGDOM 


HE  Snowy  Range  lies,  roughly 
speaking,  north  and  south.  From 
valleys  8,000  feet  high,  the  peaks 
rise  to  12,000  and  14,000  feet. 
Longs  Peak  measures  14,255  feet. 

The  gentler  slopes  are  on  the  west,  a  region 
of  loveliness,  heavily  wooded,  diversified  by 
gloriously  modeled  mountain  masses,  and 
watered  by  many  streams  and  rock-bound 
lakes.  The  western  entrance,  Grand  Lake,  is 
a  thriving  center  of  hotel  and  cottage  life. 

On  the  east  side  the  descent  from  the  Con 
tinental  Divide  is  steep  in  the  extreme.  Preci 
pices  two  or  three  thousand  feet  plunging  into 
gorges  carpeted  with  snow  patches  and  wild 
flowers  are  common.  Seen  from  the  east-side 
villages,  this  range  rises  in  daring  relief,  craggy 
in  outline,  snow-spattered,  awe-inspiring. 

Midway  of  the  range  and  standing  boldly 
forward  from  its  western  side,  Longs  Peak 
rears  his  lofty,  square-crowned  head.  A  veri 
table  King  of  Mountains — stalwart,  majestic. 

Amazingly  diversified  is  this  favored  region. 

The  valleys  are  checkered  with  broad, 
flowery  opens  and  luxuriant  groves  of  white- 
stemmed  aspens  and  dark-leaved  pines.  Sing 
ing  rivers  and  shining  lakes  abound.  Frost- 
sculptured  granite  cliffs  assume  picturesque 
shapes.  Always  some  group  of  peaks  has 
caught  and  held  the  wandering  clouds. 

Very  different  are  the  mountain  vistas. 
From  the  heights  stretches  on  every  hand  a 
tumbled  sea  of  peaks.  Dark  gorges  open 
underfoot.  Massive  granite  walls  torn  from 
their  fastenings  in  some  unimaginable  upheaval 
in  ages  before  man  impose  their  gray  faces. 
Far  in  the  distance  lie  patches  of  molten 
silver  which  are  lakes,  and  threads  of  silver 
wThich  are  rivers,  and  mists  which  conceal  far-off 
valleys.  On  sunny  days  lies  to  the  east  a 
dim  sea  which  is  the  Great  Plain. 


Photograph  by  Enos  Mills 

MOUNT  CLARENCE  KING 


Photograph  by  George  H .  Hari'ey 

GRAND  LAKE  FROM  THE  CONTINENTAL  DIVIDE 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Rtchi»uiti>in  Si  nice 

CACHE  LA  POUDRE  VALLEY  AT  FOOT  OF  SPECIMEN  MOUNTAIN 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Scri'ice 

ODESSA  LAKE  Is  ALMOST  ENCIRCLED  BY  SNOW-SPATTERED  SUMMITS 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

SPRUCE-GIRDLED  FERN  LAKE,  SHOWING  LITTLE  MATTERHORN  IN  MIDDLE  DISTANCE 


METROPOLIS  0/BEAVERLAND 


Copyright  by  IVinnall  Brothers,  Denser 

AN  ASPEN  THICKET  TRAIL  Is  A  PATH  OF 
DELIGHT 


visitor  will  not  forget 
the  aspens  in  the  Rocky 
Mountain  National 
Park.  Their  white  trunks 
and  branches  and  their  luxuriant 
bright  green  foliage  are  never  out 
of  sight.  A  trail  through  an  aspen 
thicket  is  a  path  of  delight. 

Because  of  the  unusual  aspen 
growths,  the  region  is  the  favored 
home  of  beavers,  who  make  the 
tender  bark  their  principal  food. 
Beaver  dams  block  countless  streams 
and  beaver  houses  emerge  from  the 
still  ponds  above.  In  some  retired 
spots  the  engineering  feats  of  gener 
ations  of  beaver  families  may  be 
traced  in  all  their  considerable  range. 

Nowhere  is  the  picturesqueness 
of  timber  line  more  quickly  and  more 
easily  seen.  A  horse  after  early 
breakfast,  a  steep  mountain  trail,  an 
hour  of  unique  enjoyment,  and  one 
may  be  back  for  late  luncheon. 

Eleven  thousand  feet  up,  the 
winter  struggles  between  trees  and 
icy  gales  are  grotesquely  exhibited. 

The  first  sight  of  luxuriant  Kn- 
gelmann  spruces  creeping  closely 
upon  the  ground  instead  of  rising  a 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  straight  and 
true  as  masts  is  not  soon  forgotten. 
Many  stems  strong  enough  to  partly 
defy  the  winters'  gales  grow  bent  in 
half  circles.  Others,  starting  straight 
in  shelter  of  some  large  rock,  bend 
at  right  angles  where  they  emerge 
above  it.  Many  succeed  in  lifting 
their  trunks  but  not  in  growing 
branches  except  in  their  lee,  thus  sug 
gesting  great  evergreen  dust  brushes. 


Photograph  by  Enos  Mills 


BEAVER  DAMS  BLOCK  COUNTLESS  STREAMS 


Photograph  by  Enos  Mills 


WIND-TWISTED  TREES  AT  TIMBER  LINE 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

THE  STANLEY  HOTEL  AND  MANOR 


EASY  TO  REACH  AND  TO  SEE 

HK  accessibility  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  is  apparent 
by  a  glance  at  any  map.     Denver  is  less  than  thirty  hours  from 
St.  I/ouis  and  Chicago,  two  days  only  from  New  York.     Four  hours 
from  Denver  will  put  you  in  Kstes  Park. 
Once  there,  comfortable  in  one  of  its  many  hotels  of  varying  range  of  tariff, 
and  the  summits  and  the  gorges  of  this  mountain-top  paradise  resolve  them 
selves  into  a  choice  between  foot  and  horseback. 

There  are  also  a  few  most  comfortable  houses  and  several  somewhat  primi 
tive  camps  within  the  park's  boundaries  at  the  very  foot  of  its  noblest  scenery. 


LONGS  PEAK.  INN;  ALTITUDE  9,000  FEET 

Longs  Peak  (14,255  feet)  in  the  center  of  the  triple  mountain  group,  flanked  by  Mount  Meeker  on 
the  left  and  Mount  Lady  Washington  on  the  right;   across  their  front  is  the  Mills  Moraine 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

AREA 
LOCATION        squ"re 
miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES 

Middle                  i% 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  -Many  hotels 

ERVATION 

Arkansas 

and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of   Hot  Springs  —  • 

1832 

Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

North-               3,  348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boilino- 

1872 

western 

springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canvon 

Wyoming 

of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 

Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 

deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 

etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 

Middle 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 

1890 

eastern 

tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 

California 

trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks—  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 

Middle 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 

1890 

eastern 

feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

California 

GENERAL  GRANT 

Middle 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 

1890 

California 

feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 

West 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 

1899 

central 

some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 

Washington 

feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 

Southern              249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 

1902 

Oregon 

visible  inlet,  or  outlet—  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 

Southern               i,1^ 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 

1904 

Oklahoma 

Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 

Southern 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 

1906 

Colorado 

in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 

North 

i,  534      Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 

1910 

western 

250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beautv  —  60  small  gla 

Montana 

ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 

feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  I  Northern 
!T-  I  Colorado 


HAWAII 
1916 


LASSEN  VOLCANIC 
1916 


Hawaii 


Northern 

California 


MOT-NT  McKiNLKY  '  South 
1917  j  central 

Alaska 


398 
118 

124 

2.  200 


Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  Range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 
and  Kilauea ,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed — 
A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 
contains  many  cones. 

Active  volcano — Lassen  Peak,  10,437  f£et  in  altitude — 
Cinder  Cone,  6,007  feet — Hot  springs — Mud  geysers. 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America — Rises  higher  above 
surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 


National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 


ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co  .  .  . 
CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY  .  .  .  . 
CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co  .  . 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY Railroad  Bu 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY Railrond 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  . 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM Garl  in  1 

WAHASH  RAILWAY 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    . 


Tucson,  Ariz. 

1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

.  .  .  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard.  Chicago,  111. 
.  .  .  547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 
.  .  .....  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago.  111. 

La  Salle  Street  Station.   Chicago,  111. 

.     .     .  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver. Colo. 

Equitable   Building,    Denver.  Colo. 

ilding,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

Galveston,  Tex. 

Central  Station.  Chicago,  111. 

.  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
.  .  .  Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

Building.  58  East  Washington  Street.  Chicago.  111. 

.     .     .    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

Mills   Building,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OE  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

2,  WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  :  1917 


^*jtf.> 


THE  HOT  SPRINGS 

o/  ARKANSAS 


AND 


CERTAIN  OTHER  NATIONAL  PARKS 
AND  NATIONAL  MONUMENTS 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,  Secretary 


NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


MAIN   ENTRANCE  TO  THE   HOT  SPRINGS   RESERVATION 

SPRINGS    OF    HEALING 


ROM  the  slopes  of  a  picturesque  wooded  hill  among  the  wild  and 

F  romantic  Ozark  Mountains  of  Arkansas  flow  springs  of  hot  water 
whose  powers  to  alleviate  certain  bodily  ills  have  been  recognized 
for  many  generations.  Tradition  has  it  that  their  curative  proper 
ties  were  known  to  the  Indians  long  before  the  Spanish  invasion.  It  is  prob 
able  that  they  were  known  to  De  Soto,  who  died  in  1542,  less  than  a  hundred 
miles  away.  It  is  tradition  that  Indian  warring  tribes  suspended  all  hostilities 
at  these  healing  springs  whose  neighborhood  they  called  "  The  Land  of  Peace." 
Government  analyses  of  the  waters  disclose  more  than  twenty  chemical 
constituents,  but  it  is  not  these  nor  their  combination  to  which  is  principally 
attributed  the  water's  unquestioned  helpfulness  in  many  disordered  conditions, 
but  to  their  remarkable  radioactivity. 

The  reservation  is  the  oldest  national  park,  having  received  that  status 
in  1832,  forty  years  before  the  wonders  of  the  Yellowstone  first  inspired 
Congress  with  the  idea  that  scenery  was  a  national  asset  deserving  of  pres 
ervation  for  the  use  and  enjoyment  of  succeeding  generations.  No  aesthetic 
consideration  was  involved  in  this  early  act  of  national  conservation.  Congress 
was  inspired  only  by  the  undoubted,  but  at  that  time  inexplicable,  natural 
power  of  these  waters  to  alleviate  certain  bodily  ills.  The  motive  was  to  retain 
these  unique  waters  in  public  possession  to  be  available  to  all  persons  for  all 
time  at  a  minimum,  even  a  nominal,  cost. 


f,,; 


THE  PROMENADE  AT  HOT  SPRINGS 


MAURICE  SPRING,  HOT  SPRINGS  RESERVATION 
This  is  centrally  located  and  hundreds  of  persons  visit  it  daily 


ONE  OF  THE   BEST  GOLF  COURSES  IN  THE  SOUTH 

DR.  NATURE'S  WATER  CURE 

OT  SPRINGS  has  much  besides  its  curative  waters  to  attract  and 
hold  the  visitor.  It  has  one  of  the  best  and  most  interesting  golf 
courses  in  the  South.  The  surrounding  country  is  romantically 
beautiful.  Many  miles  of  woodland  trail  lead  the  walker  and  the 
horseback  rider  through  pine-scented  glades  and  glens  and  over  mountain  tops 
of  unusual  charm.  There  is  tennis  for  the  young  folks,  ostrich  and  alligator 
farms  for  the  curious,  and  the  gayeties  of  life  in  big  hotels  for  all. 

Hot  Springs  is  not  merely  a  winter  resort,  as  used  to  be  supposed.  Climate 
and  conditions  are  delightful  the  year  around,  as  increasing  throngs  are  rapidly 
discovering.  It  is  above  all  a  place  for  rest  and  recuperation.  More  and  more 
winter  visitors  are  remaining  through  April  and  May,  when  the  spring  is  young 
and  glorious  and  the  baths  the  most  efficacious.  But  those  who  remain  after 
March  should  bring  summer  clothing,  as  the  temperature  then  ranges  from  65 
to  85  degrees. 

The  reservation  includes  three  mountains  and  a  lake,  and  the  tract  incloses 
all  the  forty-six  hot  springs.  Eleven  bathhouses,  some  of  them  as  complete 
and  luxurious  in  equipment  as  any  in  the  world,  are  in  the  reservation,  and  a 
dozen  more  in  the  city,  all  under  Government  regulation.  There  are  also  cold 
springs  possessing  curative  properties. 

There  are  many  hotels,  the  largest  having  accommodations  for  a  thousand 
guests,  and  several  hundred  boarding  houses,  many  at  very  modest  prices. 
Cottages  and  apartments  may  be  rented  for  light  housekeeping. 

Hot  Springs  Mountain,  from  whose  sides  flow  the  cleansing  waters,  is  about 
fifty  miles  west  by  south  from  Little  Rock. 


THE  GOLF  CLUB  AT  MOT  SPRINGS 


ITS    PICTURESQUE    HISTORY 


IC  recorded  history  of  Hot  Springs  goes  back  to  1804,  when  four  log 

T  houses  accommodated  the  people  who  traveled  many  weary  miles 
of  trail  to  bathe  in  the  waters.  The  lands  adjacent  to  the  springs 
wrere  claimed  by  conflicting  interests  which,  as  the  waters  grew  in 
fame,  waged  legal  battles  for  many  years  for  possession.  Then  followed  a 
generation  of  lax  law  when  Plot  Springs  became  the  winter  gathering  place 
of  gamblers.  This  was  the  most  picturesque  period  in  its  history. 

In  recent  years,  with  the  awakening  of  the  public  conscience,  the  uplifting 
of  the  public  taste,  and  the  enactment  of  laws  prohibiting  gambling,  Hot 
Springs  has  made  rapid  strides  toward  its  manifest  and  enviable  destiny. 


THERE  ARE  MANY  HOTELS;  THIS  ONE,  THE  ARLINGTON,   Js  ONK   OF  THE  LARGEST 


Photograph  by  H.  O.  Wood,  Hawaiian  Volcano  Observatory 

THE  CELEBRATED  "  BALLET  DANCER  "  OF  MAUNA  LOA,  HAWAII 
A  remarkable   photograph  of  the  explosion  on  the  flank  of  Mauna  Loa  on  May  19,  1916 

HAWAII'S  SMOKING  SUMMITS 


T 


HE  Hawaii  National  Park,  created  in  1916,  includes  three  celebrated 
Hawaiian  volcanoes,  Kilauea,  Mauna  Loa,  and  Haleakala.  "The 
Hawaiian  Volcanoes,"  writes  T.  A.  Jaggar,  director  of  the  Hawaiian 
Volcano  Observatory,  "are  truly  a  national  asset,  wrholly  unique  of 
their  kind,  the  most  famous  in  the  world  of  science  and  the  most  continuously, 
variously,  and  harmlessly  active  volcanoes  on  earth.  Kilauea  crater  has  been 
nearly  continuously  active,  with  a  lake  or  lakes  of  molten  lava,  for  a  century. 
Mauna  Loa  is  the  largest  active  volcano  and  mountain  mass  in  the  world,  with 
eruptions  about  once  a  decade,  and  has  poured  out  more  lava  during  the  last 
century  than  any  other  volcano  on  the  globe.  Haleakala  is  a  mountain  mass 
ten  thousand  feet  high,  with  a  tremendous  crater  rift  in  its  summit  eight  miles 
in  diameter  and  three  thousand  feet  deep,  containing  many  high  lava  cones. 

"  Haleakala  is  probably  the  largest  of  all  known  craters  among  volcanoes 
that  are  technically  known  as  active.  It  erupted  less  than  two  hundred  years 
ago.  The  crater  at  sunrise  is  the  grandest  volcanic  spectacle  on  earth." 

The  lava  lake  at  Kilauea  is  the  most  spectacular  feature  of  the  new  national 
park.  It  draws  visitors  from  all  over  the  world.  It  is  a  lake  of  molten,  fiery 
lava  a  thousand  feet  long,  splashing  on  its  banks  with  a  noise  like  waves  of  the 
sea,  while  great  fountains  boil  through  it  fifty  feet  high. 

The  park  also  includes  gorgeous  tropical  jungles  and  fine  forests.  Sandal- 
wood,  elsewhere  extinct,  grows  there  luxuriantly.  There  are  mahogany  groves. 


Photograph  by  J.  J.  Williams,  Honolulu, 

LAVA  FLOW  OF   1881    CASCADING    INTO  POOL  OF  WATFR 


CONK  ON  THK   NORTHEAST  RIDGH  OF  MAUN  A  L< 


, 


54590°— HS— 17 2 


Photograph  by  the  Geophysical  Laboratory,  Carnegie  Institution 

NEAR  VIEW  OF  THE  LAVA  LAKE  OF  KILAUEA  IN  HEAVY  SMOKE 


Photograph  by  the  Geophysical  Laboratory,  Carnegie  Institution 

LAVA  FLOW  ON   FLOOR  OF   KILAUEA  CRATER,  SHOWING  CURIOUS  ROPY  FORMATIONS 


Photograph  by  Geophysical  Laboratory,  Carnegie  Institution 

THE  KILAUEA  LAVA  LAKE  CLOSE   BY.     PICTURE  TAKEN   BY  THE  LIGHT  OF  THE  LAVA  ITSELF 

DURING  A   PERIOD  OF  GREAT  ACTIVITY 


Photograph  by  Geophysical  Laboratory,  Carnegie  Institution 

KIGHT  PHOTOGRAPH  OF  THE   KILAUEA  LAVA  LAKE,  NEW  FOUNTAIN  JUST  BREAKING  THROUGH. 

PERIOD  OF  MODERATE   ACTIVITY 


MONSTER  OF  MOUNTAINS 


OUNT  McKinley  is  the  loftiest  mountain  in  America.  It  towers  20,300 
feet  above  tide.  Its  gigantic  ice-covered  bulk  rises  more  than  17,000 
feet  above  the  eyes  of  the  observer  standing  within  the  national  park. 
It  is  ice  plated  14,000  feet  below  its  glistening  summit. 
Congress  created  the  Mount  McKinley  National  Park  in  February,  1917. 
This  enormous  mass  is  the  climax  of  the  great  Alaskan  Range,  which  extends, 
roughly,  east  and  west  across  southeast  central  Alaska,  separating  the  vast 
northern  inland  from  the  more  populated  country  whose  shores  are  the  Gulf 
of  Alaska.  The  range  parallels  the  mighty  Yukon  many  miles  to  its  south. 

The  reservation  contains  2,200  square  miles.  Its  northern  slopes,  which 
overlook  the  Tanana  watershed  with  its  gold-mining  industry,  are  broad  valleys 
inhabited  by  enormous  herds  of  caribou.  Its  southern  plateau  is  a  winter 
wilderness  through  which  glaciers  of  great  length  and  enormous  bulk  flow  into 
the  valleys  of  the  south.  In  this  national  park,  which  the  railroad  now  building 
by  Government  into  the  Alaskan  interior  will  open  presently  to  the  public, 
America  possesses  Alpine  scenery  upon  a  titanic  scale.  In  fact,  it  matches  the 
Himalayas;  as  a  spectacle  Mount  McKinley  even  excels  their  loftiest  peaks, 


for  the  altitude  of  the  valleys  from  which  the  Himalayas  are  viewed  exceeds 
by  many  thousand  feet  that  of  the  plains  from  which  the  awed  visitor  looks 
up  to  McKinley's  towering  height. 

From  the  stormy  south  Mount  McKinley  is  wholly  inaccessible.  But  from 
the  plains  of  the  north  valleys  of  easy  grade  lead  one  from  another  to  its  very 
foot.  Many  attempts  to  climb  it  have  failed.  Only  two,  however,  have  met 
success,  and  these  after  almost  unendurable  hardship.  With  the  completion  of 
the  Government  railroad,  however,  this  mountain  pageant  will  be  within  three 
weeks  of  New  York.  The  tourist  can  see  all  its  beauty  and  sublimity  without 
hardship. 

"It  is  an  awe-inspiring  region  of  massive  mountains  and  ice-capped  peaks," 
Belmore  Browne,  of  the  Camp  Fire  Club,  testified  before  the  Senate  Committee 
on  Territories.  'The  Piedmont  Plateau,  that  follows  the  range,  affords  a  beau 
tiful  roadway  direct  to  Mount  McKinley,  and  when  you  reach  the  plateau  all 
difficulties  vanish  and  you  see  a  view  that  is  unique  on  this  earth.  You  see  the 
huge  mountain  line  of  perpetual  snow  rising  like  a  great  wall  on  the  southeast. 
You  can  ride  a  pony  to  where  Mount  McKinley  rises  17,000  feet  above  you  in  a 
glittering  wall  of  snow  and  ice.  It  is  flanked  by  stupendous  mountains,  which 
make  a  wonderful  setting  for  the  monster." 

North  of  the  vast  mountain,  however,  is  a  rolling  country  dotted  with  beau 
tiful  lakes  and  forests  and  inhabited  by  enormous  herds  of  caribou.  In  fact, 
the  special  reason  why  Congress  set  apart  the  region  at  this  time  was  to  con 
serve  the  wild  animal  life  in  advance  of  the  invasion  of  hunters  which  the  new 
Government  railroad  will  bring  into  Alaska,  the  road  as  projected  running 
within  20  miles  of  this  greatest  of  nature's  spectacles. 

Charles  Sheldon,  of  the  Boone  and  Crockett  Club,  told  the  Senate  commit 
tee  that  several  times  he  has  counted  as  many  as  500  mountain  sheep  in  a  single 
day  of  ordinary  travel,  and  that  herds  of  caribou  numbering  from  twelve  to 
fifteen  hundred  are  frequently  seen. 

As  a  game  refuge  and  breeding  ground  the  new  national  park  conserves 
Alaskan  game  which  elsewhere  is  rapidly  disappearing.  As  in  the  case  of  the 
Yellowstone  National  Park,  the  reservation  serves  as  a  perpetual  center  of 
game  supply  for  large  neighboring  areas. 

These  animals  do  not  greatly  fear  man,  because  they  have  never  been 
hunted.  One  can  approach  the  great  herds  of  caribou.  There  are  also  many 
Alaskan  bear  of  great  size. 


/« 


"•  **J 

. 

4& 

^SS  -Ivr  .^^: 


Photograph  by  P.  J.  Thompson 

CRATER  OF  LASSEN  PEAK  AFTER  ERUPTION  OF  1914 

ACTIVE  VOLCANO  AT  HOME 

ONGRESS  created  the  Lassen  Volcanic  National  Park  in  August, 
1916.  A  month  later  this  volcano  was  again  in  active  eruption;  it 
is  the  only  active  volcano  in  the  continental  United  States.  It  is 
situated  in  northern  California,  and  is  one  of  the  celebrated  series 
of  peaks,  including  Mount  Baker,  Mount  Rainier,  Mount  Hood,  Mount  Shasta, 
and  what  was  once  Mount  Mazama  (Crater  Lake),  in  the  Cascade  Range. 

The  region  is  one  of  extraordinary  interest.  Lassen  Peak  is  10,437  feet  in 
altitude.  Cinder  Cone,  which  showed  some  activity  a  few  years  ago,  has  an 
altitude  of  6,907  feet.  North  Peak,  Southwest  Peak,  and  Prospect  Peak  are 
prominent  elevations  in  the  National  Park. 

Other  features  of  interest  are  the  Devils  Half  Acre,  inclosing  hot  springs 
and  mud  geysers,  Bumpass  and  Morgan  Hot  Springs,  lakes  of  volcanic  glass,  and 
ice  caves.  There  are  seven  lakes,  numerous  trout  streams,  and  many  majestic 
canyons.  There  are  also  forests  of  yellow  and  white  pine,  fir,  and  lodgepole. 
"On  the  whole,"  writes  Prof.  Douglas  W.  Johnson,  of  Columbia  University, 
"it  is  difficult  to  imagine  a  region  where  the  more  striking  phenomena  of 
nature  are  developed  on  a  grander  scale." 


Pholotjraph  by  IV.  S.  Valentine 


54590°— IIS— 1 


LASSEN   PEAK.  IN  ERUPTION,  JULY,   1914 


CATHEDRAL  ROCKS,  MUKUNTUWEAP 


.    .  .,  ^, • .  "••T.- 

-r^4.v  "  *• 


NAL  MONUMENT,  SOUTHERN  UTAH 


OTHER  NATIONAL  PARKS 

THE  WIND  CAVE  NATIONAL  PARK 

r~T'HE  Black  Hills  of  southwestern  South  Dakota,  scene  of  Custer's  first  stand, 
*  famous  for  many  years  for  Indian  fights  and  frontier  lawlessness,  are  chiefly 
celebrated  in  this  generation  for  a  limestone  cave  of  large  size  and  interesting 
decoration.  It  is  called  Wind  Cave  because  of  the  strong  currents  of  air  which 
alternate  in  and  out  of  its  mouth. 

The  walls  and  ceiling  of  the  various  passages  and  chambers  which  consti 
tute  the  cave  are  elaborately  covered  with  the  formations  common  to  most 
caves,  which  here  result  in  tracery  and  carvings  of  the  most  elaborate  and  sur 
prising  description.  The  park  is  also  a  game  preserve  of  unusual  merit. 


THE    PLATT   NATIONAL    PARK 

OOUTHERN  Oklahoma's  famous  curative  springs  were  conserved  for  the 
^  public  benefit  in  1906  by  the  creation  of  the  Platt  National  Park.  Sulphur 
springs  predominate,  but  there  are  bromide  and  other  springs  of  medicinal  value, 
besides  several  fine  springs  nonmineral  in  character.  Altogether  they  have  an 
approximate  discharge  of  nearly  five  million  gallons  daily. 

Many  thousands  visit  these  springs  every  year.  The  country  is  one  of 
great  charm  and  is  notable  for  its  bird  life.  The  healing  waters  are  bottled  and 
shipped  to  many  parts  of  the  country. 

THE   CASA   GRANDE    RUIN 

E  of  the  best  preserved  and  most  interesting  ruins  in  the  Southwest 
has  been  preserved  in  this  reservation,  which  is  near  Florence,  Arizona. 
Unlike  the  neighborhood  Indians  who  fear  the  superb  ruins  of  the  Mesa  Verde, 
the  Arizona  Pimas  claim  the  Casa  Grande  as  the  home  of  their  ancestors;  but 
there  is  nothing  but  tradition  to  substantiate  the  claim. 

The  structure  was  once  at  least  four  stories  high.  Many  mounds  in  the 
neighborhood  indicate  that  it  was  once  one  of  a  large  group  of  dwellings  of  some 
importance.  The  ruin  was  discovered  by  the  intrepid  Jesuit  Missionary,  Father 
Eusebio  Francisco  Kino,  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

SULLYS    HILL    PARK 

r  I  TIIS  reservation  is  on  the  shore  of  Devils  Lake,  North  Dakota,  within  two 
miles  of  the  well-known  Fort  Totten  Indian  School.     It  is  a  country  of 
much    natural   beauty   and    admirably   adapted    to    the    purposes   of    a   game 
preserve,  for  which  Congress  recently  made  appropriations. 


THE    NATIONAL    MONUMENTS 

THE    DIFFERENCE    BETWEEN  A  NATIONAL   MONUMENT   AND 

A  NATIONAL  PARK 

X  TATIONAL  monuments  differ  from  national  parks  principally  in  importance. 
*•  ^  The  monument  is  usually  the  lesser  area,  and,  the  object  being  merely 
conservation,  little  provision  is  made  for  its  maintenance  and  development. 

A  national  park  is  created  only  by  act  of  Congress,  and  it  is  expected  that 
thereafter  Congress  will  make  yearly  appropriations  to  develop  it.  A  national 
monument  is  set  aside  by  Presidential  proclamation  without  appropriations. 

The  name  "monument"  is  clumsy  and  misleading. 

THE    MUKUNTUWEAP   NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

THE  Mukuntuweap  National  Monument,  in  southwestern  Utah,  conserves  a 
canyon  that  for  fantastic  outline  and  brilliant  and  varied  coloring  probably 
equals  any  spot  on  this  continent.  Recent  visitors  have  called  it  "the  desert 
Yosemite ;"  others,  "the  mimic  Grand  Canyon."  It  inevitably  suggests  both. 
"You  can't  see  it  without  shouting,"  reports  one  recent  explorer. 

The  Mormons  of  a  former  generation  chose  this  valley  for  a  refuge  in  the 
event  of  being  driven  from  Zion,  as  they  called  Salt  Lake  City,  and  named  it 
Little  Zion.  It  is  locally  called  Zion  Canyon  to-day.  The  north  fork  of  the 
muddy  Virgin  River  flows  through  it,  and  in  the  spring  streams  cascade  from 
the  lofty  walls. 

The  canyon  is  a  mighty  cleft,  as  if  the  mountain  had  been  violently  divided 
to  obtain  a  segment.  The  walls  are  inconceivably  carved  into  domes,  half 
domes,  colonnades,  and  temples.  One  gigantic  cliff  suggests  a  battleship,  and 
is  locally  called  "Steamboat." 

The  faces  of  some  of  the  walls  contain  thousands  of  square  feet  of  plane 
surface,  upon  which  the  elements  have  sketched  various  figures.  At  one  point 
may  be  seen  the  picture  of  a  woman,  a  horse,  and  a  pig,  forming  a  distinct 
group.  At  another  an  eagle  perches,  true  to  this  noble  bird's  instinct,  high 
upon  the  cliffs.  At  other  points  crypts  have  been  formed  in  the  walls  by  the 
shelling  off  of  the  stone  surface.  Nature  seems  to  have  fashioned  here  a  fine 
art  gallery  of  stupendous  proportions. 

The  coloring  is  beyond  description.  Glistening  white  is  the  basic  color. 
Below  this  a  strip  of  maroon-colored  sandstone  has  weathered  into  formations 
resembling  those  of  the  Grand  Canyon.  There  are  thousands  of  feet  of  polished 
white  sandstone  streaked  with  vermillion,  like  a  Roman  sash. 

The  canyon  is  more  than  fifteen  miles  long  and  varies  from  fifty  feet  wide 
in  the  narrows  to  twenty-five  hundred  feet  wide  in  Zion  proper.  The  neigh 
borhood  is  rich  in  striking  phenomena.  There  are  natural  bridges  of  great 
size  and  beauty.  The  country  was  settled  by  Mormons  many  years  ago,  and 
possesses  much  historical  interest.  Old-time  Mormon  customs  obtain  in  the 
prosperous  villages.  Mukuntuweap  may  be  reached  by  automobile  and  horse 
back  from  Lund,  Utah. 


A  GLIMPSE  OF  THE   BEAUTIFUL  Mum  WOODS 

IN   THE  FOREST  PRIMEVAL 

ITHIN  ten  miles  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  in  Marin  County, 
California,  lies  one  of  the  noblest  forests  of  primeval  Redwood  in 
America.     That  it  stands  to-day  is  due  first  to  the  fact  that  its  outlet 
to  the  sea  instead  of  to  San  Francisco  Bay  made  it  unprofitable  to 
lumber  in  the  days  when  redwoods  grew  like  grain  on  California's  hills. 

The  Muir  Woods  National  Monument  contains  three  hundred  acres.  In 
terspersed  with  the  superb  Redwood,  the  Sequoia  sempervirens,  sister  to  the 
Giant  Sequoia  of  the  Sierra,  are  many  fine  specimens  of  Douglas  fir,  Madrona, 
California  Bay,  and  Mountain  Oak.  The  forest  blends  into  the  surrounding 
wooded  country.  It  is  essentially  typical  of  the  redwood  growth,  with  a  rich 
stream-watered  bottom  carpeted  with  ferns,  violets,  oxalis,  and  azalea. 

Many  of  the  redwoods  are  magnificent  specimens  and  some  have  extraor 
dinary  size.  Cathedral  Grove,  and  Bohemian  Grove,  where  the  famous  revels 
of  the  Bohemian  club  were  held  before  the  club  purchased  its  own  permanent 
grove,  are  unexcelled  in  luxuriant  beauty. 

This  splendid  area  of  forest  primeval  was  named  by  its  donors,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  William  Kent,  in  honor  of  the  celebrated  naturalist  of  the  Sierra,  John 
Muir.  It  is  so  near  San  Francisco  that  thousands  are  able  to  enjoy  its  cathedral 
aisles  of  noble  trees. 


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THERE  ARE  EXQUISITE  LAKES,  ALSO,  IN  THE  SIEUR  DE  MONTS  NATIONAL  MONUMENT 

SEA  AND  MOUNTAINS  MEET 


Y  proclamation  of  July  8,  1916,  creating  the  Sieur  de  Monts  National 

B  Monument,  President  Wilson  extended  the  national  park  service 
for  the  first  time  to  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  area  which  enjoys  this 
honor  is  one  of  fascinating  historical  association  as  well  as  majestic 
natural  beauty.  It  embraces  more  than  five  thousand  acres  of  rugged  mountain, 
directly  south  of  Bar  Harbor.  In  fact,  its  northern  boundary  lies  within  a  mile  of 
that  famous  resort.  On  the  east  it  touches  the  Schoonerhead  Road.  On  its  south 
it  approaches  within  a  mile  of  Seal  Harbor.  It  lies  less  than  a  mile  northeast  of 
Northeast  Harbor.  It  is  surrounded,  in  short,  by  a  large  summer  population. 

This  area  includes  four  lakes  and  no  less  than  ten  mountains.  The  lakes 
are  Jordan  Pond,  Eagle  Lake,  Bubble  Pond,  and  Sargent  Mountain  Pond.  The 
Bowl  lies  just  outside  the  boundary  line.  The  mountains,  several  of  which  are 
widely  celebrated,  are  Green  Mountain,  Dry  Mountain,  Picket  Mountain,  White 
Cap,  Newport  Mountain,  Pemetic  Mountain,  The  Tryad,  Jordan  Mountain, 
The  Bubbles,  and  Sargent  Mountain. 

The  lands  included  in  the  Sieur  de  Monts  National  Monument  have  never 
formed  a  part  of  the  public  domain,  but,  through  the  patriotism  and  generosity 
of  the  former  owners,  known  collectively  as  the  Hancock  County  Trustees  of 
Public  Reservations,  were  presented  to  the  United  States.  The  trustees  were 
represented  in  the  matter  by  Mr.  George  B.  Dorr,  of  Boston,  who,  in  the  creation  of 
this  national  monument,  attained  the  object  of  years  of  public-spirited  endeavor. 


MONTEZUMA   CASTLE 

MONTEZUMA   CASTLE    NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

*  I  "HIS  remarkable  relic  of  a  prehistoric  race  is  the  principal  feature  of  a 
^  well-preserved  group  of  cliff  dwellings  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Yavapai 
County,  Arizona,  known  as  the  Montezuma  Castle  National  Monument.  The 
unique  position  and  size  of  the  ruin  gives  it  the  appearance  of  an  ancient 
castle;  hence  its  name. 

The  structure  is  about  fifty  feet  in  height  by  sixty  feet  in  width,  built  in  the 
form  of  a  crescent,  with  the  convex  part  against  the  cliff.  It  is  five  stories  high, 
the  fifth  story  being  back  under  the  cliff  and  protected  by  a  masonry  wall  four 
feet  high,  so  that  it  is  not  visible  from  the  outside.  The  walls  of  the  structure 
are  of  masonry  and  adobe,  plastered  over  on  the  inside  and  outside  with  mud. 

DEVILS   TOWER   NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

'  I  "HIS  extraordinary  mass  of  igneous  rock  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous 
*-  features  in  the  Black  Hills  region  of  Wyoming. 

The  tower  is  a  steep-sided  shaft  rising  six  hundred  feet  above  a  rounded 
ridge  of  sedimentary  rocks,  about  six  hundred  feet  high,  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  Belle  Fourche  River.  Its  nearly  flat  top  is  elliptical  in  outline.  Its  sides 
are  strongly  fluted  by  the  great  columns  of  igneous  rock,  and  are  nearly  per 
pendicular,  except  near  the  top,  where  there  is  some  rounding;  and  near  the 
bottom,  where  there  is  considerable  outward  flare.  The  tower  has  been  scaled 
in  the  past  by  means  of  special  apparatus,  but  only  at  considerable  risk. 

The  great  columns  of  which  the  tower  consists  are  mostly  pentagonal  in 
shape,  but  some  are  four  or  six  sided. 


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THE   CHACO   CANYON   NATIONAL   MONUMENT 

THHE  Chaco  Canyon  National  Monument  preserves  remarkable  relics  of  a  pre- 
*•  historic  people  once  inhabiting  New  Mexico.  Here  are  found  numerous 
communal  or  pueblo  dwellings  built  of  stone,  among  which  is  the  ruin  known  as 
Pueblo  Bonito,  containing,  as  it  originally  stood,  twelve  hundred  rooms.  It  is 
the  largest  prehistoric  ruin  in  the  Southwest. 

So  difficult  are  they  of  access  that  little  excavation  has  been  done. 

SHOSHONE   CAVERN   NATIONAL   MONUMENT 
A  FEW  miles  east  of  the  celebrated  Shoshone  Dam,  in  Wyoming,  is  found 
**•  the  entrance   to  the  picturesque  cave    to   preserve   which   the    Shoshone 
Cavern  National  Monument  was  created. 

Some  of  the  rooms  are.  a  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  forty  or  fifty  feet 
high,  and  all  are  remarkably  encrusted  with  limestone  crystals. 

The  passages  through  the  cavern  are  most  intricate,  twisting,  turning, 
doubling  back,  and  descending  so  abruptly  that  ladders  are  often  necessary. 

COLORADO   NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

HPHIS  area,  near  Grand  Junction,  Colorado,  is  similar  to  that  of  the  Garden 
*  of  the  Gods  at  Colorado  Springs,  only  much  more  beautiful  and  picturesque. 
With  possibly  two  exceptions  it  exhibits  probably  as  highly  colored,  magnifi 
cent,  and  impressive  examples  of  erosion,  particularly  of  lofty  monoliths,  as  may 
be  found  anywhere  in  the  West. 

These  monoliths  are  located  in  several  tributary  canyons.  Some  of  them  are 
of  gigantic  size ;  one  over  four  hundred  feet  high  is  almost  circular  and  a  hundred 
feet  in  diameter  at  base.  Some  have  not  yet  been  explored. 


LEWIS   AND   CLARK   CAVERN  NATIONAL   MONUMENT 

'  I  'HE    feature   of    this    national    monument  is  a  limestone  cavern  of  great 
^     scientific  interest  because  of  its  length  and  because   of  the    number  of 
large  vaulted  chambers  it  contains.     It  is  of  historic  interest,  also,  because  it 
overlooks  for  more  than  fifty  miles  the  Montana  trail  of  Lewis  and  Clark. 

The  vaults  of  the  cavern  are  magnificently  decorated  with  stalactite  and 
stalagmite  formations  of  great  variety  of  size,  form,  and  color,  the  equal  of,  if 
not  rivaling,  the  similar  formations  in  the  well-known  Luray  caves  in  Virginia. 
The  cavern  has  been  closed  on  account  of  depredations  of  vandals. 


THE    DINOSAUR   NATIONAL   MONUMENT 

HTHE  Dinosaur  National  Monument  in  Northeastern  Utah  was   created   to 
•*•     preserve  remarkable  fossil  deposits  of  extinct  reptiles  of  great  size.     The 
reservation  contains  eighty  acres  of  Juratrias  rock. 

For  years  prospectors  and  residents  had  been  finding  large  bones  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  in  1909  Prof.  Earl  B.  Douglass  of  the  Carnegie  Museum  of 
Pittsburgh,  under  a  permit  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  undertook 
a  scientific  investigation.  The  results  exceeded  all  expectation.  Remains  of 
many  enormous  animals  which  once  inhabited  what  is  now  our  Southwestern 
States  have  been  unearthed  in  a  state  of  fine  preservation.  These  include 
complete  and  perfect  skeletons  of  large  dinosaurs 

The  chief  find  was  the  perfect  skeleton  of  a  brontosaurus  eighty-five  feet 
long  and  sixteen  feet  high  which  may  have  weighed,  when  living,  twenty  tons 


UNEARTHING  THE   SKELETON   OF  A  GIANT  DINOSAUR  OF   PREHISTORIC  DAYS 


RAINBOW    BRIDGE    NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

natural  bridge  is  located  within  the  Navajo  Indian  Reservation,  near 
the  southern  boundary  of  Utah,  and  spans  a  canyon  and  small  stream 
which  drains  the  northwestern  slopes  of  Navajo  Mountain.  It  is  of  great 
scientific  interest  as  an  example  of  eccentric  stream  erosion. 

Among  the  known  extraordinary  natural  bridges  of  the  world,  this  bridge 
is  unique  in  that  it  is  not  only  a  symmetrical  arch  below  but  presents  also  a 
curved  surface  above,  thus  suggesting  roughly  a  rainbow.  Its  height  above 
the  surface  of  the  water  is  three  hundred  and  nine  feet  and  its  span  is  two  hun 
dred  and  seventy-eight  feet. 

The  existence  of  this  natural  wonder  was  first  disclosed  to  William  B. 
Douglass,  an  examiner  of  surveys  of  the  General  Land  Office,  on  August  14, 
1909,  by  a  Piute  Indian  called  "Mike's  boy,"  later  "Jim,"  who  was  employed 
in.  connection  with  the  survey  of  the  natural  bridges  in  White  Cauvon,  Utah. 


THE   PAPAGO   SAGUARO   NATIONAL   MONUMENT 

WITHIN  this  national  monument,  which  lies  about  nine  miles  east  of 
Phoenix,  Arizona,  and  less  than  a  dozen  miles  from  the  Apache  Trail, 
grow  splendid  examples  of  characteristic  desert  flora,  including  many  striking 
specimens  of  giant  cactus  (saguaro)  and  many  other  interesting  species  of 
cacti,  such  as  the  prickly  pear  and  cholla.  There  are  also  fine  examples  of  the 
yucca.  All  here  attain  great  size  and  perfection.  The  saguaro  is  that  variety 
of  cactus  which  grows  in  a  cylindrical  form  to  a  height  of  thirty  or  thirty-five 
feet.  There  are  also  prehistoric  pictographs  upon  the  rocks. 

EL    MORRO   NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

MORRO,  or  Inscription  Rock,  in  western  central  New  Mexico,  is  an  enor- 
mous  sandstone  rock  rising  a  couple  of  hundred  feet  out  of  the  plain  and 
eroded  in  such  fantastic  form  as  to  give  it  the  appearance  of  a  great  castle.  A 
small  spring  of  water  at  the  rock  made  it  a  convenient  camping  place  for  the 
Spanish  explorers  of  the  sixteenth,  seventeenth,  and  eighteenth  centuries,  and 
its  smooth  face  well  adapted  it  to  receive  the  inscriptions  of  the  conquerors. 

The  earliest  inscription  is  dated  February  18,  1526.  Historically  the  most 
important  inscription  is  that  of  Juan  de  Onate,  a  colonizer  of  New  Mexico  and 
the  founder  of  the  city  of  Santa  Fe,  in  1606.  It  was  in  this  year  that  Onate 
visited  El  Morro  and  carved  this  inscription  on  his  return  from  a  trip  to  the 
head  of  the  Gulf  of  California.  There  are  nineteen  other  Spanish  inscriptions, 
among  them  that  of  Don  Diego  de  Vargas,  who  in  1692  reconquered  the  Pueblo 
Indians  after  their  rebellion  against  Spanish  authority  in  1680. 

PINNACLES   NATIONAL   MONUMENT 

'""T'HE    spires,    domes,    caves,    and    subterranean   passages    of    the    Pinnacles 
*•     National  Monument  in  San  Benito  County,  California,  are  awe-inspiring 
on  close  inspection,  and  are  well  worth  a  visit  by  tourists  and  lovers  of  natural 
phenomena. 

The  name  is  derived  from  the  spirelike  formations  arising  from  six  hundred 
to  a  thousand  feet  from  the  floor  of  the  canyon,  forming  a  landmark  visible 
many  miles  in  every  direction.  Many  of  the  rocks  can  not  be  scaled. 

A  series  of  caves,  opening  one  into  the  other,  lie  under  each  of  the  groups 
of  rock.  These  vary  greatly  in  size,  one  in  particular,  known  as  the  Banquet 
Hall,  being  about  a  hundred  feet  square,  with  a  ceiling  thirty  feet  high. 

CAPULIN  MOUNTAIN  NATIONAL  MONUMENT 

/^•APULJN  MOUNTAIN  is  a  volcanic  cinder  cone  of  recent  origin,  six  miles 
southwest  of  Folsom,  N.  Mex.  It  is  the  most  magnificent  specimen  for 
a  considerable  group  of  craters.  Capulin  has  an  altitude  of  eight  thousand 
feet,  rising  fifteen  hundred  feet  above  the  surrounding  plain.  It  is  almost  a 
perfect  cone. 


THE    PETRIFIED    FOREST   OF   ARIZONA 

THE  Petrified  Forest  of  Arizona  lies  in  the  area  between  the  Little  Colorado 
River  and  the  Rio  Puerco,  fifteen  miles  east  of  their  junction.     This  area 
is  of  interest  because  of  the  abundance  of  petrified  coniferous  trees.     It  has 
exceptional  scenic  features,  also. 

The  trees  lie  scattered  about  in  great  profusion;  none,  however,  stands 
erect  in  its  original  place  of  growth,  as  in  the  Yellowstone  National  Park. 

The  trees  probably  at  one  time  grew  beside  an  inland  sea;  after  falling 
they  became  water-logged,  and  during  decomposition  the  cell  structure  of  the 
wood  was  entirely  replaced  by  silica  from  sandstone  in  the  surrounding  land. 

SITKA   NATIONAL   MONUMENT,  ALASKA 

HPHIS  monument  reservation  is  situated  about  a  mile  from  the  steamboat 
*  landing  at  Sitka,  Alaska.  Upon  this  ground  was  located  formerly  the 
village  of  a  warlike  tribe — the  Kik-Siti  Indians — where  the  Russians  under 
Baranoff  in  1802  fought  and  won  the  "decisive  battle  of  Alaska"  against  the 
Indians  and  effected  the  lodgment  that  offset  the  then  active  attempts  of  Great 
Britain  to  possess  this  part  of  the  country.  The  Russian  title  thus  acquired 
to  the  Alexander  Archipelago  was  later  transferred  to  the  United  States. 

A  celebrated  "witch  tree"  of  the  natives  and  sixteen  totem  poles,  several 
of  which  are  examples  of  the  best  work  of  the  savage  genealogists  of  the  Alaska 
clans,  stand  sen trv like  along  the  beach. 


THE   TUMACACORI   NATIONAL   MONUMENT 

Tumacacori  National  Monument  in  Santa  Cruz  County,  Arizona,  was 
•*•     created  to  preserve  a  very  ancient  Spanish  mission  ruin  dating,  it  is  thought, 
from  the  latter  part  of  the  sixteenth  century.     It  was  built  by  Jesuit  priests 
from  Spain  and  operated  by  them  for  over  a  century. 

After  the  year  1769  priests  belonging  to  the  order  of  Franciscan  Fathers 
took  charge  of  the  mission  and  repaired  its  crumbling  walls,  maintaining  peace 
able  possession  for  about  sixty  years,  until  driven  out  by  Apache  Indians. 

GRAN    QUIVIRA    NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

THE  Gran  Quivira  has  long  been  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  important 
of  the  earliest  Spanish  church  or  mission  ruins  in  the  Southwest.  It  is  in 
Central  New  Mexico.  Near  by  are  numerous  Indian  pueblo  ruins,  occupying  an 
area  many  acres  in  extent,  which  also,  with  sufficient  land  to  protect  them,  was 
reserved.  The  outside  dimensions  of  the  church  ruin,  which  is  in  the  form  of 
a  short- arm  cross,  are  about  forty-eight  by  one  hundred  and  forty  feet,  and 
its  walls  are  from  four  to  six  feet  thick  and  from  twelve  to  twenty  feet  high. 

NAVAJO    NATIONAL    MONUMENT 

r"r'HIS   tract  encloses  three  interesting  and  extensive  prehistoric   pueblos  or 
•*•     cliff-dwelling  ruins  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation.     These  are  known 
as  the  Betata  Kin,  the  Keet  Seel,  and  Inscription  House. 

Inscription  House  Ruin,  on  Navajo  Creek,  is  regarded  as  extraordinary, 
not  only  because  of  its  good  state  of  preservation,  but  because  of  the  fact  that 
upon  the  walls  of  its  rooms  are  found  inscriptions  written  in  Spanish  by  early 
explorers  and  plainly  elated  1661. 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 


Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 
in 

square 
miles 

DLSTIXCTI  YIv  CHARACTERISTICS 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES 
ERVATION 

1832 

Middle 
Arkansas 

1/2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  Many  hotels 
and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs  — 
Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 

1872 

North 
western 
Wyoming 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 
springs  —  Mud  volcanoes—  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring  — 
Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 
deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 
etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 
1890 

Middle 
eastern 
California 

I,    125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 
tas  —  Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 
trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks  —  Water  wheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 
1890 

Middle 
eastern 
California 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 
feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

GENERAL  GRANT 

1890 

Middle 
California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER      West 
1899                   central 
Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 
feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 
1902 

vSouthern              249 
Oregon 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PL  ATT                 Southern               ili 
1904                   Oklahoma 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 
Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 
1906 

Southern                 77 
Colorado 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 
in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 
1910 

North-                i,  534 
western 
Montana 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 
ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 
feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 
19*5 

Northern               398 
Colorado 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  n,oooto  14,250 
feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 
1916 

Hawaii                   n8 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 
and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed  — 
A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 
1916 

Northern               124 
California 

Active  volcano  —  Lassen  Peak,  10,437  ^ee^  in  altitude  — 
Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet—  Hot  springs  —  Mud  geysers. 

MOUNT  McKiNLEY 
1917 

South                 2,  200 
central 
Alaska 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  —  Rises  higher  above 
surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 

ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD  .......................     Tucson,  Ariz. 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  ..........    1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY    .........  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co  ......     547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY    ...........  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co    ........  L-a  Salle  Street  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY    ...........  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co     ...........    Equitable  Building,    Denver,  Colo. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY    .....    Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson.  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GULP,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  ...................    Galveston,  Tex. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD    ..................   Central  Station,  Chicago.  111. 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    .............    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC-RAILWAY    ......     Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  L/AKE  RAILROAD  .     .     .     .     Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co    .................     Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM    ........     Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

WABASH  RAILWAY    ................    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    ...............     Mills  Building,  San  Francisco  ,  Cal. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

36  HS  WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  ;  1917 


THE 


GRAND  CANYON 

OF    THE    COLORADO    RIVER 
IN    ARIZONA 


"Bv  FAR  THE  MOST  SUBLIME  OF  ALL  EARTHLY  SPECTACLES." — CHARLES  DUDLEY  WARNER 

ISSUED    BY 

THE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    INTERIOR 
NATIONAL     PARK     SERVICE 


Photograph  by  George  R.  King 

"IT  Is  BEYOND  COMPARISON — BEYOND  DESCRIPTION;   ABSOLUTELY  UNPARALLELED 
THROUGHOUT  THE  WIDE  WORLD." — THEODORE  ROOSEVELT 


Photograph  by  U,  S.  Reclamation  Seriice 

LEAVING  EL  TOVAR  FOR  A  SCENIC  RIM  DRIVE 


COLOSSUS  OF  CANYONS 

ORE  mysterious  in  its  depth  than  the  Himalayas  in  their  height," 
writes  Professor  John  C.  Van  Dyke,  "the  Grand  Canyon  remains 
not  the  eighth  but  the  first  wonder  of  the  world.  There  is  nothing 
like  it." 

Even  the  most  superficial  description  of  this  enormous  spectacle  may  not 
be  put  in  words.  The  wanderer  upon  the  rim  overlooks  a  thousand  square 
miles  of  pyramids  and  minarets  carved  from  the  painted  depths.  Many  miles 
away  and  more  than  a  mile  below  the  level  of  his  feet  he  sees  a  tiny  silver 
thread  which  he  knows  is  the  giant  Colorado. 

He  is  numbed  by  the  spectacle.  At  first  he  can  not  comprehend  it.  There 
is  no  measure,  nothing  which  the  eye  can  grasp,  the  mind  fathom. 

It  may  be  hours  before  he  can  even  slightly  adjust  himself  to  the  titanic 
spectacle,  before  it  ceases  to  be  utter  chaos;  and  not  until  then  does  he  begin 
to  exclaim  in  rapture. 

And  he  never  wholly  adjusts  himself,  for  with  dawning  appreciation  comes 
growing  wonder.  Comprehension  lies  always  just  beyond  his  reach. 

The  Colorado  River  is  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Grand  and  the 
Green  Rivers.  Together  they  gather  the  waters  of  three  hundred  thousand 
square  miles.  Their  many  canyons  reach  this  magnificent  climax  in  northern 
Arizona.  The  Grand  Canyon  is  a  national  monument  administered  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. 


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Photograph  by  Henry  Fuernumn 

THE  RIM  ROAD  AFFORDS  MANY  GLORIOUS  VIEWS 

BY  SUNSET  AND   MOONRISE 


HEN  the  light  falls  into  it,   harsh,   direct,   and  searching,"   writes 

WHamlin  Garland,   "it  is  great,   but  not  beautiful.     The  lines  are 
chaotic,   disturbing — but  wait!     The  clouds  and  the  sunset,   the 
moonrise   and  the   storm,   will   transform  it  into   a    splendor    no 
mountain  range  can  surpass.     Peaks  will  shift  and  glow,  walls  darken,  crags 
take  fire,  and  gray-green  mesas,  dimly  seen,  take  on  the  gleam  of  opalescent 
lakes  of  mountain  water." 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

HERMIT'S  REST,  NEAR  THE  HEAD  OF  THE  HERMIT  TRAIL  TO  THE  RIVER 


Photograph  by  U .  S.  Reclamation  Service 

"Is  ANY  FIFTY  MILFS  OF  MOTHER  EARTH  AS  FEARFUL,  OR  ANY  PART  AS  FEARFUL,  AS 
FULL  OF  GLORY,  AS  FULL  OF  GOD  ?"— JOAQUIN  MILLER 

7 


Pliotografrh  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

STILL  FARTHER  DOWN  THE  HERMIT  TRAIL 


PAINTED  IN  MAGIC  COLORS 

HE  blues  and  the  grays  and  the  mauves  and  the  reds  are  second 
in  glory  only  to  the  canyon's  size  and  sculpture.  The  colors 
change  with  every  changing  hour.  The  morning  and  the  evening 
shadows  play  magicians'  tricks. 
"It  seems  like  a  gigantic  statement  for  even  Nature  to  make  all  in  one 
mighty  stone  word,"  writes  John  Muir.  "Wildness  so  Godful,  cosmic,  prime 
val,  bestows  a  new  sense  of  earth's  beauty  and  size.  .  .  .  But  the  colors,  the 
living,  rejoicing  colors,  chanting  morning  and  evening  in  chorus  to  heaven! 
Whose  brush  or  pencil,  however  lovingly  inspired,  can  give  us  these?  In  the 
supreme  flaming  glory  of  sunset  the  whole  canyon  is  transfigured,  as  if  the 
life  and  light  of  centuries  of  sunshine  stored  up  in  the  rocks  was  now  being 
poured  forth  as  from  one  glorious  fountain,  flooding  both  earth  and  sky." 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

NEAR  THE  BOTTOM,  SHOWING  HERMIT  CAMP  AT  THE  FOOT  OF  A  LOFTY  MONUMENT 

This  photograph  was  taken  several  years  ago.     The  camp  has  since  been  greatly  enlarged,  affording 

most  comfortable  entertainment  overnight 

59590°— GC — 17 2  9  GC 


Photograph  by  F.  A.  Lathe 


THE  PROFOUND  ABYSS 


ROMANTIC  INDIAN  LEGEND 

HE  Indians  believed  the  Grand  Canyon  the  road  to  heaven. 

A  great  chief  mourned   the  death  of  his  wife.     To  him  came 
the  god  Ta-vwoats   and   offered  to  prove  that  his  wife  was  in  a 
happier    land   by  taking   him   there    to  look  upon   her   happiness. 
Ta-vwoats  then  made  a  trail  through  the  protecting  mountains  and  led  the 
chief  to  the  happy  land.     Thus  was  created  the  canyon  gorge  of  the  Colorado. 
On  their  return,  lest  the  unworthy  should  find  this  happy  land,  Ta-vwoats 
rolled  through  the  trail  a  wild,  surging  river.     Thus  was  created  the  Colorado. 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Forest  Service 

THE  GORGE  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  SHINUMO  CREEK 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

SUNSET  FROM  PIMA  POINT.     "PEAKS  WILL  SHIFT  AND  GLOW,  WALLS  DARKEN,  CRAGS 


HAM 


,  AND  GRAY-GREEN  MESAS,  DIMLY  SEEN,  TAKE  ON  THE  GLEAM  OF  OPALESCENT  LAKES."- 

RLAND 

13  GC 


Photooraph  by  U.S.  Reclamation  Service 

THE  LOOKOUT  AT  THE  HEAD  OF  THE  BRIGHT  ANGEL  TRAIL  NEAR  EL  TOVAR 


Photograph  by  I  .  S.  Reclamation  Service 

WAITING  FOR  THE  SIGNAL  TO  START  DOWN  BRIGHT  ANGEL  TRAIL 
One  may  descend  to  the  river's  edge  and   back  in  one  day  by  this  trail 


^^35"' 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

THE  CELEBRATED  JACOB'S  LADDER  ON  THE  BRIGHT  ANGEL  TRAIL 

Tin-  photograph   shows  how  broad  and  safe  are  the  Grand  Canvon  trails.      There  is  no  danger  in 

the  descent 


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Copyright  by  Fred  Harrcy 

WHEN  CLOUDS  AND  CANYON  MKET  AND  MERGE 


MASTERPIECE   OF   EROSION 


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HE  rain  falling  in  the  plowed  field  forms  rivulets  in  the  furrows.  The 
rivulets  unite  in  a  muddy  torrent  in  the  roadside  gutter.  With  suc 
ceeding  showers  the  gutter  wears  an  ever-deepening  channel  in  the 
soft  soil.  With  the  passing  season  the  gutter  becomes  a  gully. 
Here  and  there,  in  places,  its  banks  undermine  and  fall  in.  Here  and  there  the 
rivulets  from  the  field  wear  tiny  tributary  gullies.  Between  the  breaks  in  the 
banks  and  the  tributaries  irregular  masses  of  earth  remain  standing,  sometimes 
resembling  mimic  cliffs,  sometimes  washed  and  worn  into  mimic  peaks  and  spires. 
Such  roadside  erosion  is  familiar  to  us  all.  A  hundred  times  we  have  idly 
noted  the  fantastic  water-carved  walls  and  minaretted  slopes  of  these  ditches. 
But  seldom,  perhaps,  have  we  realized  that  the  muddy  roadside  ditch  and 
the  world-famous  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado  are,  from  nature's  stand 
point,  identical;  that  they  differ  only  in  soil  and  size. 

The  arid  States  of  our  great  Southwest  constitute  an  enormous  plateau 
or  table-land  from  foiir  to  eight  thousand  feet  above  sea  level. 

Rivers  gather  into  a  few  desert  water  systems.  The  largest  of  these  is  that 
which,  in  its  lower  courses,  has,  in  unnumbered  ages,  worn  the  mighty  chasm 
of  the  Colorado. 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Forest  Service 


ON  THE  MIGHTY  RIVER'S  BRINK 


A  QUIET  STRETCH  BETWEEN  Two  RAPIDS 

Within  the  Canyon  the  river  is  crossed  by  cars  suspended  on  wire  cables,  and  also,  in  quiet  reaches, 

by  boats;  there  are  no  bridges 


Copyright  by  Fred  Har~cey 

WHERE  THE  RIVER  RESTS  BELOW  THE  CELEBRATED  MARBLE  CANYON  BEFORE  TAKING  ITS 
PLUNGE  INTO  THE   GIGANTIC  CANYON   BELOW 

The  Colorado  rolls  through  many  miles  of  vast  canyons  before  it  reaches  Grand  Canyon 


POWELL'S    GREAT    ADVENTURE 

HE  Grand  Canyon  was  the  culminating  scene  of  one  of  the  most 
stirring  adventures  in  the  history  of  American  exploration. 

For  hundreds  of  miles  the  Colorado  and  its  tributaries  form  a 
mighty  network  of  mighty  chasms  which  few  had  ventured  even 
to  enter.  Of  the  Grand  Canyon,  deepest  and  hugest  of  all,  tales  were  current 
of  whirlpools,  of  hundreds  of  miles  of  underground  passage,  and  of  giant  falls 
whose  roaring  music  could  be  heard  on  distant  mountain  summits. 

The  Indians  feared  it.     Even  the  hardiest  of  frontiersmen  refused  it. 

It  remained  for  a  geologist  and  a  school-teacher,  a  one-armed  veteran  of 
the  Civil  War,  John  Wesley  Powell,  afterwards  director  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  to  dare  and  to  accomplish. 

This  was  in  1869.     Nine  men  accompanied  him  in  four  boats. 

There  proved  to  be  no  impassable  whirlpools  in  the  Grand  Canyon,  no 
underground  passages,  and  no  cataracts.  But  the  trip  was  hazardous  in  the 
extreme.  The  adventurers  faced  the  unknown  at  every  bend,  daily — some 
times  several  times  daily — embarking  upon  swift  rapids  without  guessing  upon 
what  rocks  or  in  what  great  falls  they  might  terminate.  Continually  they 
upset.  They  were  unable  to  build  fires  sometimes  for  days  at  a  stretch. 

Four  men  deserted,  hoping  to  climb  the  walls,  and  were  never  heard  from 
again — and  this  happened  the  very  day  before  Major  Powell  and  his  faithful 
half  dozen  floated  clear  of  the  Grand  Canyon  into  safety. 


holograph  by  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 

Two  OF  THE  BOATS  USED  BY  MAJOR  POWELL  IN  EXPLORING  THE  CANYON 


Photograph  by  EL  Tovar  Studio 

MEMORIAL  JUST  ERECTED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR  TO  MAJOR  JOHN 

WESLEY  POWELL 

It  stands  on  the  rim  at  Sentinel  Point.     Upon  the  altar  which  crowns  it  will  blaze  ceremonial  fires 

EASY  TO  REACH  AND  TO  SEE 


^njT  is  possible  to  get  a  glimpse  of  the  Grand  Canyon  by  lengthening 

I  your  transcontinental  trip  one  day,  but  this  day  must  be  spent 
either  on  the  rim  or  in  one  hasty  rush  down  the  Bright  Angel  Trail 
|  to  the  river's  edge;  one  can  not  do  both  the  same  day.  Two  ardu 
ous  days,  therefore,  will  give  you  a  rapid  glance  at  the  general  features.  Three 
days  will  enable  you  to  substitute  the  newer  Hermit  Trail,  with  a  night  in  the 
canyon,  for  the  Bright  Angel  Trail.  Four  or  five  days  will  enable  you  to  see 
the  Grand  Canyon;  but  after  you  see  it  you  will  want  to  live  with  it  awhile. 
There  are  two  other  trails,  the  Bass  Trail  and  the  Grand  View. 

The  canyon  should  be  seen  first  from  the  rim.  Hours,  days,  may  be  spent 
in  emotional  contemplation  of  this  vast  abyss.  Navajo  Point,  Grand  View, 
Shoshone  Point,  El  Tovar,  Hopi  Point,  Sentinel  Point,  Pima  Point,  Yuma 
Point,  the  Hermit  Rirn — these  are  a  few  only  of  many  spots  of  inspiration. 

An  altogether  different  experience  is  the  descent  into  the  abyss.  This  is 
done  on  mule-back  over  trails  which  zigzag  steeply  but  safely  down  the  cliffs. 

The  hotels,  camps,  and  facilities  for  getting  around  are  admirable.  Your 
sleeper  brings  you  to  the  very  rim  of  the  canyon. 


Copyright  bv  Fred  Harvey 

HOFI  MOUSE  AT  EL  TOVAR,  REPRODUCED  FROM  AN  ANCIENT  Hon  COMMUNITY  DWELLING 

99  r,r 


THE    NATIONAL    PARKS    AT    A    GLANCE 

Number,  17;  Total  Area,  9,774  Square  Miles.     Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation. 


AREA 

NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION        sq^re 
miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

HOT  SPRINGS  RES 
ERVATION 

1832 

Middle 
Arkansas 

I.1  2 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties  —  Many  hotels 
and  boarding  houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs  —  • 
Bathhouses  under  public  control. 

YELLOWSTONE 
1872 

North 
western 
Wyoming 

3,343 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together  —  Boiling 
springs  —  Mud  volcanoes  —  Petrified  forests  —  Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring- 
Large  lakes  and  waterfalls  —  Vast  wilderness  inhabited  by 
deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope,  bear,  mountain  sheep, 
etc.;  greatest  wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world. 

YOSEMITE 
1890 

Middle 
eastern 
California 

I,    I25 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty  —  Lofty  cliffs  —  Romantic  vis 
tas—Waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height  —  3  groves  of  big 
trees  —  Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks—  Waterwheel  falls. 

SEQUOIA 
1890 

Middle 
eastern 
California 

252 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park  —  12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10 
feet  in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter. 

GENERAL  GRANT 
1890 

Middle 
California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter  —  6  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park. 

MOUNT  RAINIER 
1899 

West 
central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system  —  28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size  —  48  square  miles  of  glacier,  50  to  1,000 
feet  thick  —  Remarkable  subalpine  wild-flower  fields. 

CRATER  LAKE 
1902 

Southern 
Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
visible  inlet,  or  outlet  —  Sides  1,000  feet  high. 

PLATT 
1904 

Southern 
Oklahoma 

l# 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties  — 
Under  Government  regulation. 

MESA  VERDE 
1906 

Southern 
Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings 
in  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

GLACIER 
1910 

North 
western 
Montana 

1,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  alpine  character  — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty  —  60  small  gla 
ciers  —  Peaks  of  unusual  shape  —  Precipices  thousands  of 
feet  deep  —  Fine  trout  fishing. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 
I9XS 

Northern 
Colorado 

398 

Heart  of  the  Rockies  —  Snowy  Range,  peaks  n,oooto  14,250 
feet  altitude  —  Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

HAWAII 
1916 

Hawaii 

118 

Two  active  volcanoes,  Mauna  Loa,  largest  in  the  world, 
and  Kilauea,  whose  lake  of  bubbling  lava  is  world  famed— 
A  third  volcano,  Haleakala,  whose  crater,  8  miles  wide, 

contains  many  cones. 

LASSEN  VOLCANIC 
1916 

Northern 
California 

124 

Active  volcano—  -Lassen  Peak,  10,437  feet  in  altitude  — 
Cinder  Cone,  6,907  feet  —  Hot  springs  —  Mud  geysers. 

MOUNT  McKixLKY 
1917 

South 
central 
Alaska 

i 

2,  200 

Highest  Mountain  in  North  America  Rises  higher  above 
surrounding  country  than  any  mountain  in  the  world. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1889,  Arizona 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Sullys  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 


Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 

Large  natural  cavern. 

Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devils  Lake. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the  American 
Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National  Parks  during 
their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Transcontinental  through 
trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  United  vStates.  For  schedules 
and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  apply  to  your  local  railway  ticket  office  or 
to  any  excursion  agency,  or  write  to  the  Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the 
above  map,  as  follows: 

ARIZONA  EASTERN  RAILROAD  .......................     Tucson,  Ariz. 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  ..........  1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY    .........  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILROAD  Co  ......     5;7  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY    ...........  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  Co    ........  La  Salle  vStreet  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

COLORADO  &  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY     ...........  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

DENVER  &  Rio  GRANDE  RAILROAD  Co     ...........    Equitable  Building,   Denver,  Colo. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY    .....    Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GULF,  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  ...................     Galveston,  Tex. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD    ..................    Centr.il  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY    .............    Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

NORTHERN  PACIFICRAILWAY    ......     Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

SAN  PEDRO,  Los  ANGELES  &  SALT  LAKE  RAILROAD  .     .     .     .     Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  Co     .................     Flood    Building,  San    Francisco,  Cal. 

UNION  PACIFIC  SYSTEM    ........     Garl.md  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street  ;  Chicago,  111. 

W  ABASH  RAILWAY     ................    Railway  T^xchangc  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WESTERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY     ...............     Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  arc  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  BELONG  TO  YOU 

THEY  ARE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OK  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OE  THE  INTERIOR 

WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  1'UINTING  OFFICE  ;  1917 


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